Parachutes
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Outgrowth of emergency umbrella use?[1]
Jean-Pierre Blanchard used parachute with LTA airship in 1785.[2]
The Chinese emperor Shun, who lived in the third millennium before our era (traditional date 2258–2208 B.C.), is not only the first flyer recorded in history, but also the very first who made a successful descent in a parachute,–an experiment first made or repeated in the midst of our civilization as late as AD 1783.[3]
Garnerin patent: Patent FR-1802-185
Patents in categories parachute or parachutes
- Patent FR-1891-211845 (English title: Hot air balloon silk paper, called Automatic Aeronaut, with parachute and hot-air safety apparatus, Inventors: Pavloff)
- Patent FR-1894-242672 (English title: Airplane-parachute, Inventors: Pierre-Octave Détable)
- Patent DE-1911-Bot-Lallemand (English title: Aerial navigation apparatus, Inventors: Léon Bot • Eugène Lallemand)
- Patent US-1913-1052489 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Leo L'HOME)
- Patent US-1914-1092443 (English title: Automatic parachute attachment for aeroplanes, Inventors: Richard F. Hommel)
- Patent FR-1802-185 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Jeanne-Geneviève Garnerin)
- Patent GB-1848-12337 (English title: Navigable balloon and mechanical flying machine, Inventors: Hugh Bell)
- Patent FR-1851-12382 (English title: perfected tools and means serving in physical recreation on the properties of air, such as air-ships and parachutes, Inventors: Chatelain)
- Patent FR-1852-13293 (English title: aviation tool, navigable bird-parachute, Inventors: Jean-Joseph-Renard Desmonts)
- Patent FR-1853-16928 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: Louis-Auguste Mangin)
- Patent GB-1855-625 (English title: Aerial navigation, Inventors: Benjamin O'Neale Stratford)
- Patent FR-1856-30055 (English title: Balloon system called aerostatic whirlpool with free parachute, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste Tarride)
- Patent ES-1859-1775 (English title: Apparatus for directing aerostatic balloons, Inventors: Inocente Sanchez)
- Patent ES-1860-2037 (English title: system of navigational apparatus for balloons, and construction of an air train, Inventors: Federico Gómez Arias)
- Patent US-1860-32378 (English title: Balloon or aerial car, Inventors: Mortimer Nelson)
- Patent US-1861-33797 (English title: Apparatus for Navigating the Air, Inventors: Watson F. Quimby)
- Patent FR-1863-61333 (English title: double propeller parachute applied to aerial navigation, Inventors: Eugène Desrousseaux-Hubert)
- Patent FR-1864-62166 (English title: Ascending parachute and tubular aerostats (of rings), discs, spirals or pyramids, etc. ; Balloon parachute, Inventors: Joseph Gillard)
- Patent GB-1865-2208 (English title: Flying toys and parachutes)
- Patent FR-1865-69242 (English title: "double screw parachute", Inventors: Pierre-Jean Faure)
- Patent US-1866-54992 (English title: Flying-Machine, Inventors: John Wootton)
- Patent FR-1875-108784 (English title: Steerable parachute, Inventors: Charles-Edmond-François Couturier)
- Patent GB-1876-439 (English title: Kite parachute, Inventors: Josiah John Snow)
- Patent FR-1876-108784.1 (English title: Steerable parachute, Inventors: Charles-Edmond-François Couturier)
- Patent US-1876-181186 (English title: Improvement in flying-machines, Inventors: François X. Lamboley)
- Patent US-1877-199334 (English title: Aerial vessels, Inventors: Fritz A. L. von Ehren)
- Patent US-1879-221855 (English title: Improvement in fire-escapes, Inventors: Benjamin B. Oppenheimer)
- Patent CA-1881-13782 (English title: Improvements in aerial balloons, Inventors: Comte Antoine Apraxine)
- Patent GB-1882-2509 (English title: Balloons, Inventors: Adolph Werner)
- Patent US-1882-252955 (English title: Air ship, Inventors: William G. Krueger)
- Patent GB-1884-2628 (English title: Navigable balloon and parachute, Inventors: Serkis-Bey Ballian)
- Patent US-1884-354413 (English title: Balloon, Inventors: Otto Hartung)
- Patent US-1888-376937 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: William Beeson)
- Patent GB-1888-10937 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Guillermo Antonio Farini • Thomas Scott Baldwin)
- Patent FR-1888-194269 (English title: Perfected parachute, Inventors: Guillermo Antonio Farini)
- Patent GB-1889-4301 (English title: Balloon parachute, Inventors: William Duncombe Dale)
- Patent GB-1889-7427 (English title: Navigable balloon, Inventors: Frederick William Zimer)
- Patent US-1891-456944 (English title: Toy parachute, Inventors: Clarence Dillenback)
- Patent US-1890-432860 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: Stewart Cairncross)
- Patent CA-1890-39665 (English title: Aerial navigation machine, Inventors: Frederick William Zimer)
- Patent GB-1890-11455 (English title: Navigable balloon, Inventors: Stewart Cairncross)
- Patent DE-1891-59851 (English title: Steerable airship, Inventors: Stewart Cairncross)
- Patent US-1891-454325 (English title: Fire-escape, Inventors: Albert R. Brandt)
- Patent US-1891-467069 (English title: Air Ship, Inventors: James Constant Walker)
- Patent GB-1891-12669 (English title: Birds-eye photography, Inventors: Ludwig Rahrmann • Ludwig Kohrmann)
- Patent FR-1891-215265 (English title: aerostat parachute system called the Capazza Aerostat-Rescuer, Inventors: Louis Capazza)
- Patent GB-1891-19245 (English title: Navigable balloon, Inventors: William John Brewer)
- Patent GB-1892-3883 (English title: Combined Parachute and Aërostat, Inventors: Louis Capazza)
- Patent GB-1892-3872 (Inventors: Auguste Quentin • A. Guattari • Charles Guattari)
- Patent GB-1892-634 (Inventors: J.C. Walker)
- Patent GB-1892-1318 (Inventors: W. Glendinning)
- Patent GB-1892-1916 (English title: A Convertible Kite and Travelling Parachute)
- Patent US-1893-494261 (English title: Toy parachute, Inventors: George F. Perkins)
- Patent IT-1892-32101 (English title: Aerostat-parachute, Inventors: Louis Capazza)
- Patent DE-1892-68761 (English title: Airship with car borne by parachute, Inventors: Louis Capazza)
- Patent US-1893-496854 (English title: Aerostatic parachute, Inventors: Louis Capazza)
- Patent IT-1892-32410 (English title: Aeronautic apparatus, Inventors: Natale Fabbica)
- Patent US-1892-516265 (English title: Aerial Locomotive, Inventors: Christopher G. Cross)
- Patent DE-1893-71599 (English title: Certain kite for carrying of persons, Inventors: Otto Schubert)
- Patent GB-1893-3864 (English title: Aluminum–copper alloy frame, Inventors: B. G. Coleby)
- Patent GB-1893-6107 (English title: Inverted-cone-shaped aircraft with five propellers, Inventors: C. F. Billwiller)
- Patent DE-1894-73587 (English title: Parachute-sail for airships movable between balloon and gondola as appropriate, Inventors: Theodor Schneider-Preiswerk)
- Patent US-1893-512450 (English title: Parachute-sail for balloons, Inventors: Theodor Schneider-Preiswerk)
- Patent US-1897-589373 (English title: Traveler for kite-strings, Inventors: Elmer Folson • Eugene H. Packard)
- Patent FR-1895-250539 (English title: Maneuverable parachute, Inventors: Marcel Pelissier-Hermitte)
- Patent GB-1895-6 (English title: A Flying Machine, Inventors: Ross Franklin Moore)
- Patent GB-1896-3657 (English title: Aerial Machine, Inventors: James Dennis Roots)
- Patent US-1897-588556 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: Thomas Mortimer Crepar)
- Patent GB-1896-18130 (English title: Improvements relating to Parachutes, Inventors: William Cowell Sly)
- Patent US-1897-580941 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: Henry Heintz)
- Patent FR-1896-260358 (English title: Improvements relating to parachutes, Inventors: William Cowell Sly)
- Patent US-1897-582377 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: William Cowell Sly)
- Patent FR-1897-263124 (English title: Maritime and aviation propeller blade, following application: blade-turbine or blade-parachute, Inventors: Hébert)
- Patent DE-1899-103290 (English title: Drag-parachute for aircraft, Inventors: Max Lochner)
- Patent US-1898-606960 (English title: Kite, Inventors: John Doyle)
- Patent US-1899-620596 (English title: Trolley device for kites, Inventors: Charles A. Lower)
- Patent FR-1898-278541 (English title: 'La Torpille' flying parachute, w/paddlewheels for lift and propellers for propulsion, Inventors: Louis Chevrey)
- Patent GB-1898-22103 (English title: Aerial Machines and Anchoring Devices therefor, Inventors: Louis-Étienne Roze)
- Patent FR-1898-278541.1 (English title: 'La Torpille' flying parachute, with paddlewheels for lift and propellers for propulsion, Inventors: Louis Chevrey)
- Patent FR-1899-278541.2 (English title: 'La Torpille' flying parachute, with paddlewheels for lift and propellers for propulsion, Inventors: Louis Chevrey)
- Patent GB-1899-8019 (English title: Flying Machines, Inventors: Arthur Henry Philip Blunt)
- Patent US-1899-648634 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Louis-Étienne Roze)
- Patent US-1899-659264 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: Charles Stanley, Applicant firm: Stanley Aerial Navigation Co.)
- Patent DE-1900-118834 (English title: Valve for parachute-balloons, Inventors: Käthe Paulus)
- Patent US-1901-676838 (English title: Toy projectile featuring parachute, Inventors: Jefferson Davis Dawson)
- Patent AT-1900-12657 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Stanislaus Victor Saloni)
- Patent AT-1900-12659 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Charles Stanley)
- Gebrauchsmuster DE-1900-142762 (English title: Self-opening parachute, Inventors: Josef Süsskind)
- Gebrauchsmuster DE-1900-145372 (English title: Boat-shaped airship with adjustable drive apparatus, a parachute-shaped roof, and [concomitantly adjusted?] airscrew, Inventors: Martin Kalmar)
- Patent DE-1901-133699 (English title: Parachute apparatus for dirigible airship, Inventors: Stanislaus Victor Saloni)
- Patent FR-1902-317232.227 (English title: Prismo-pyramidal dirigible, Inventors: F. Gueydan de Roussel)
- Patent US-1902-704090 (English title: Aerial toy, Inventors: Frederick Marshall Osgood)
- Patent US-1902-700281 (English title: Parachute kite, Inventors: Ulyssus V. Wyatt)
- Patent FR-1902-323137.997 (English title: a dirigible of compressed air and based on the principle of the heavier than air, Inventors: Émile Charlier)
- Patent CA-1902-80653 (English title: Aerial toy, Inventors: Frederick Marshall Osgood)
- Patent FR-1902-324521 (English title: Steerable airship (flying machine), Inventors: Alfred K. R. A. Krakow)
- Patent HU-1902-26832 (English title: Steerable aircraft, Inventors: Alfred K. R. A. Krakow)
- Patent DE-1902-140370 (English title: Toy parachute, Inventors: Frederick Marshall Osgood)
- Patent GB-1902-14653 (English title: Aerial Toys, Inventors: Frederick Marshall Osgood)
- Patent FR-1903-323250 (English title: Dirigible balloon system, Inventors: Janko Klopčić)
- Patent FR-1902-322618 (English title: Toy, Inventors: Frederick Marshall Osgood)
- Patent GB-1902-24336 (English title: Mechanically Propelled Aerial Vehicles, Inventors: Howard de Walden • Hans Knudsen)
- Patent FR-1902-326476 (English title: "A self-flying "pichou"", Inventors: Alfred-Eugène Pichou)
- Patent CH-1902-27895 (English title: Dirigible airship, Inventors: Alfred Chiodera)
- Patent FR-1903-329610 (English title: Articulated parachute system for dirigibles oriented towards the maintenance of stability and altitude by way of air density control, Inventors: Didier De Vasdenyey • Victor de Vasdényey)
- Patent FR-1903-337597 (English title: Dirigible, Inventors: Alfred Micciollo)
- Patent FR-1903-330143 (English title: Mechanically Propelled Aerial Vehicles, Inventors: Howard de Walden • Hans Knudsen)
- Patent DE-1904-155680 (English title: Aircraft with several evenly spaced rudders, Inventors: Howard de Walden • Hans Knudsen)
- Patent RU-1903-12046 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Howard de Walden • Hans Knudsen)
- Patent FR-1903-326476.1657 (English title: "Self-Flying "Pichou"", Inventors: Alfred-Eugène Pichou)
- Patent US-1903-769034 (English title: Aerial vessel, Inventors: Howard de Walden • Hans Knudsen)
- Patent US-1903-809093 (English title: Navigable balloon, Inventors: Alfred Chiodera)
- Patent DE-1903-161490 (English title: Apparatus for controlling the fall of airborne bodies ..., Inventors: Alfred Maul)
- Gebrauchsmuster 210729 (English title: Toy with lever, with clockwork driven mast and parachute, which appears to be turned by a figurine with propeller, Inventors: Müller • Kadeder)
- Patent US-1903-764749 (English title: Parachute device for kites, Inventors: Edward Moravek)
- Patent FR-1903-337676 (English title: Airplane rising by itself using a collapsible hot-air balloon, Inventors: Émile Soriano)
- Patent FR-1904-326476.2435 (English title: "Self-Flying "Pichou"", Inventors: Alfred-Eugène Pichou)
- Patent US-1904-972448 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: John Emery Harriman, Jr.)
- Patent FR-1904-337676.2988 (English title: Airplane rising by itself using a collapsible hot-air balloon, Inventors: Émile Soriano)
- Patent FR-1904-343368 (English title: flying machine based on the principle of parachutes, human- or motor-powered, Inventors: Georges Olivier De Sanderval)
- Patent US-1904-803573 (English title: Captive observation-balloon apparatus, Inventors: Reuben B. Eubank Jr)
- Patent US-1904-820938 (English title: Aerial vessel, Inventors: Bartholomew O'Kane)
- Patent FR-1905-351770 (English title: Mechanisms of propulsion and steering for aviation parachutes, Inventors: Eloy Coupleux • Paul Coupleux • Léon Coupleux • Jean Coupleux)
- Patent US-1907-856876 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: William Hull)
- Patent US-1905-981655 (English title: Airship, Inventors: James Madison Keller, Applicant firm: Keller Monoplane Airship Company)
- Patent US-1906-847198 (English title: Rocket apparatus, Inventors: Alfred Maul)
- Patent US-1906-852221 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Bartholomew Connolly)
- Patent US-1906-859274 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: John Holmes Wilson)
- Patent GB-1906-10758 (English title: A Device for the Safe Landing of Instruments or the like sent up into the Air, Inventors: Alfred Maul)
- Patent US-1906-843946 (English title: Fish-parachute, Inventors: Ferdinand Jack Howald)
- Patent US-1906-884432 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Melvin Vaniman)
- Patent US-1907-864672 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: Charles McCormick)
- Patent NO-1907-17106 (English title: Rocket parachute, Inventors: Niels Waltersen Aasen)
- Patent US-1907-901486 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Harry B. Schiller)
- Patent CA-1907-109628 (English title: Fish-parachute, Inventors: Ferdinand Jack Howald)
- Patent US-1907-890215 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Oliver K. Chance)
- Patent US-1907-888301 (English title: Air-ship, Inventors: George Bold)
- Patent FR-1907-384862 (English title: Intermittent parachute airplane, Inventors: Léopold-Gérôme Farenc)
- Patent DE-1907-221458 (English title: Helicopter with movable parachute, Inventors: Otto von Krempelhuber)
- Patent US-1908-914511 (English title: Air-ship, Inventors: Joel Trout Rice)
- Patent FR-1908-386920 (English title: Propeller-parachute for aviators, Inventors: Félix Monin)
- Patent FR-1908-387928 (English title: Aerial locomotion apparatus, Inventors: Joseph Chantraine)
- Patent IT-1908-94217 (English title: Helicopter using parabolic propeller, with methods for launch and parachute, Inventors: Achille Bertelli • Achille Bertelli fu Alessandro)
- Patent GB-1908-5310 (English title: Improvements in flying machines, Inventors: Joseph Chantraine)
- Patent GB-1908-5471 (English title: Airships, Inventors: Gustav Kerwat)
- Patent FR-1908-388823 (English title: Aviation device, Inventors: Victor Humbert)
- Patent FR-1908-389610 (English title: Aviation apparatus, Inventors: Gottlieb Burckhardt)
- Patent GB-1908-12148 (English title: Parachute improvement, Inventors: Niels Waltersen Aasen)
- Patent FR-1908-391014 (English title: Parachutes combined with kites, Inventors: Frank Ernest Jackson)
- Patent BE-1908-Bot-Lallemand (English title: Aerial navigation apparatus, Inventors: Léon Bot • Eugène Lallemand)
- Patent US-1909-910488 (English title: Aerial navigating apparatus, Inventors: John Bernard)
- Patent US-1909-923181 (English title: Kite-parachute, Inventors: Frank Ernest Jackson)
- Patent FR-1908-382087.9958 (English title: Airship that can instantly transform into a parachute and possibly float, Inventors: Jean-Adrien de Mestre)
- Patent AT-1908-45842 (English title: Flying device, Inventors: Victor Humbert)
- Patent FR-1908-388823.9740 (English title: Aviation device, Inventors: Victor Humbert)
- Patent US-1910-965361 (English title: Parachute gun, Inventors: Fred D. Barnes)
- Patent US-1910-968918 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Charles E. S. Burch • Frederick R. Burch)
- Patent US-1908-920064 (English title: Propeller mechanism for air-ships, Inventors: Paul Jamnitsky)
- Patent US-1908-971030 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: William Henry Fauber)
- Patent US-1910-974733 (English title: Toy parachute, Inventors: Maurice E. Wright)
- Patent US-1908-928687 (English title: Aeroplane airship, Inventors: Frank Albert Newell)
- Patent US-1908-1073334 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: George E. Dickson)
- Patent US-1908-962652 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Samuel Montgomery)
- Patent FR-1908-407090 (English title: Helicoplane-parachute, Inventors: Charles Wolf)
- Patent US-1909-939644 (English title: Balloon, Inventors: Romulus C. Tilghman)
- Patent US-1908-979286 (English title: Aerial navigator, Inventors: Roscoe Clair Gore)
- Patent FR-1909-398299 (English title: Parachutes for aeroplanes, Inventors: Herbert Osbaldeston Duncan • Henri Vasseur)
- Patent FR-1909-407090.11558 (English title: Helicoplane-parachute, Inventors: Charles Wolf)
- Patent DE-1909-250960 (English title: Aircraft with parachute-like arrangement of airscrews, Inventors: Christian Lorenzen)
- Patent US-1909-1014643 (English title: Aerial vessel, Inventors: John J. Donnelly)
- Patent DE-1910-219441 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Johannes Mink)
- Patent DE-1911-240603 (English title: Airscrew with chamber-type shovels, Inventors: Eduard Riedel)
- Patent US-1909-926593 (English title: Aerodrome, Inventors: Harry Anthony Orme)
- Patent DE-1909-Wilcke-Graff (Inventors: Richard Wilcke • Albert Graff)
- Patent US-1909-943732 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: Amiel Bratschie)
- Patent US-1910-965452 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Fred Lincoln Gould)
- Patent FR-1909-399275 (English title: Wing with an intermittent parachute for airplanes, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste-Eugène Gangler)
- Patent US-1909-981778 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Edwin Lyman Madden)
- Patent FR-1909-400920 (English title: Extendable airplane tail fin, with a flexible descent rudder and an intermittent parachute, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste-Eugène Gangler)
- Patent FR-1909-407090.11560 (English title: Helicoplane-parachute, Inventors: Charles Wolf)
- Patent IT-1909-101811 (English title: Rotating dirigible airplane [i.e. aicraft?] with umbrella-parachute, Inventors: Alfredo Varni • Alfredo Varni fu Antonio)
- Patent FR-1909-407090.11561 (English title: Helicoplane-parachute, Inventors: Charles Wolf)
- Patent CA-1909-120124 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Oliver K. Chance)
- Patent FR-1909-403412 (English title: Aerial navigation apparatus, Inventors: Léon Bot • Eugène Lallemand)
- Patent FR-398299.11124 (English title: Parachutes for aeroplanes, Inventors: Herbert Osbaldeston Duncan • Henri Vasseur)
- Patent GB-1909-14645 (English title: Apparatus for Aerial Navigation, Inventors: Léon Bot • Eugène Lallemand)
- Patent FR-1909-407090.11562 (English title: Helicoplane-parachute, Inventors: Charles Wolf)
- Patent AU-1909-16202 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Robert Allan Wyllie)
- Patent US-1909-981185 (English title: Aerial apparatus, Inventors: Gates M. Fowler)
- Patent US-1909-1067559 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Joseph Allison Steinmetz)
- Patent US-1909-1137533 (English title: Flying Machine, Inventors: Hermann John Reiche)
- Patent FR-1910-410855 (English title: Improvements brought to airplanes, equally applicable to related apparatus for the realization of the said improvements, Inventors: Gaston Rose)
- Patent US-1909-968860 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Frederick B. Kummer)
- Patent GB-1909-28382 (English title: Improved Parachute Attachment for Aerial Machines, Inventors: Herbert Osbaldeston Duncan • Henri Vasseur)
- Patent US-1909-981714 (English title: Aeroplane flying-machine, Inventors: Walter A. Suman • George W. Reichard)
- Patent US-1910-959266 (English title: Aerial ship, Inventors: Frederick W. Schroeder)
- Patent NO-1910-20744 (English title: Parachute for air carriers, Inventors: Frederich Carl Mayer • August Ernst Grimmer)
- Patent FR-1910-411227 (English title: Parachute airplane with special propeller that can also be applied to dirigible balloons, Inventors: Edmond-Émile Marchand)
- Patent GB-1910-1640 (English title: Improvements in parachutes, Inventors: Friedrich Carl Mayer • August Ernst Grimmer)
- Patent US-1910-991811 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Sewall A. Witherspoon)
- Patent GB-1910-2118 (English title: An Aeroplane Flying Machine, Inventors: Felix Icasate-Larios)
- Patent FR-1910-412202 (English title: Mechanism for controlling active surfaces in parachute aircraft, Inventors: Louis Mullot)
- Patent FR-1910-412643 (English title: Air-ship, Inventors: Richard Wilcke • Albert Graff)
- Patent ES-1910-47275 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Richard Wilcke • Albert Graff)
- Patent GB-1910-2479 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Richard Wilcke • Albert Graff)
- Patent US-1911-987819 (English title: Aerial navigation apparatus, Inventors: Joseph Ostand)
- Patent US-1910-993297 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Robert P. Hall)
- Patent US-1910-989681 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Phineas S. Woods)
- Patent FR-1910-411148.12927 (English title: new dirigible, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste-Couroné Allaria)
- Patent US-1910-985034 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: James A. Horne)
- Patent US-1910-975281 (English title: Life-saving device, Inventors: John J. Rectenwald)
- Patent US-1911-985301 (English title: Aerial toy, Inventors: Franklin Adelbert Terry)
- Patent US-1910-997122 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Otto A. Fenn)
- Patent US-1910-1076803 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: John Newton Williams)
- Patent BE-1910-Hervieu-parachute (Inventors: Gaston Hervieu)
- Patent GB-1910-20786 (English title: Aerial Vessels, Inventors: William Everett Sylvester Coyne)
- Patent US-1910-982907 (English title: Life-preserver for aviators, Inventors: Absalom Calhoun Ulmer)
- Patent US-1910-987796 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Charles Henry Cornelius)
- Patent US-1910-1011683 (English title: Safety alighting attachment for flying-machines, Inventors: Jean Francis Webb)
- Patent GB-1910-24167 (English title: Improvements in parachute apparatus, Inventors: Absalom Calhoun Ulmer)
- Patent FR-1910-421977 (English title: Life-preserver for aviators, Inventors: Absalom Calhoun Ulmer)
- Patent BE-1910-230751 (English title: Parachute for airplanes, Inventors: Urbain Thuau)
- Patent AT-1910-60011 (English title: Parachute device for aircraft, Inventors: Jean Francis Webb)
- Patent FR-1910-422847 (English title: Parachute for flying machines, Inventors: Jean Francis Webb)
- Patent GB-1910-27118 (English title: Safety alighting attachment for flying-machines, Inventors: Jean Francis Webb)
- Patent CH-1910-54598 (English title: Parachute for flying machines, Inventors: Jean Francis Webb)
- Patent BE-1910-230824 (English title: New airplane, equipped with an automatic parachute and gear for the recuperation of lost force, produced by the displacement of air caused by the action of the propulsive propeller, Inventors: J-.M. Paumen)
- Patent FR-1910-411227.13506 (English title: Parachute airplane with special propeller that can also be applied to dirigible balloons, Inventors: Edmond-Émile Marchand)
- Patent FR-1910-429307.14832 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, Inventors: Joseph Boisseau)
- Patent AU-1910-20205 (English title: Safety alighting attachment for flying machines, Inventors: Jean Francis Webb)
- Patent BE-1910-231369 (English title: New parachute and its material particulars, Inventors: M. Lemoine)
- Patent FR-1910-423871 (English title: Parachute applicable to airplanes, Inventors: Pierre-Max Bordes)
- Patent US-1910-996058 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: John Burns)
- Patent BE-1910-12-31 Léon Dangy (English title: A device bringing improvements to the opening of parachutes, Inventors: Léon Dangy)
- Patent FR-1911-424757 (English title: parachute apparatus for airplanes, monoplanes and biplanes, Inventors: Alfred Delplanq)
- Patent FR-1911-425038 (English title: Instant and automatic development parachute for aviator, Inventors: Charles Lemale)
- Patent FR-1911-425164 (English title: Automatic stabilizer-parachute for aeroplanes, Inventors: Paul Huguet)
- Patent DE-1911-244107 (English title: Parachute for airplanes, Inventors: Joseph Maraviglia • Heinrich Banzet)
- Patent FR-1911-425351 (English title: Convertible and unsinkable airplane with folding wings, Inventors: Pierre Oisel)
- Patent US-1911-997354 (English title: Safety attachment for aeroplanes, Inventors: Grover C. Younggreen)
- Patent FR-1911-426811 (English title: Monoplane, Inventors: Alphonse Perrier)
- Patent FR-1911-427083 (English title: Parachute or safety stabilizer for airplanes, Inventors: Tancrède Alvarès d'Azevedo Macedo)
- Patent US-1912-1037943 (English title: Aero safety device, Inventors: Wade H. Lowry)
- Patent US-1916-1192479 (English title: Aviatory life-buoy, Inventors: Solomon Lee Van Meter Jr)
- Patent FR-1911-428102 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Aerial Machines, Inventors: Augusto Mattani)
- Patent US-1911-994490 (English title: Toy parachute, Inventors: Maurice E. Wright)
- Patent FR-1911-428199 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Max Mueller)
- Patent US-1911-1015684 (English title: Life-saving apparatus for aviators, Inventors: Chester A. Judah • Henry R. Sander)
- Patent US-1911-1015924 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Jean M. Alleas)
- Patent US-1911-1010324 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Josiah Sparks)
- Patent FR-1911-431691 (English title: Parachute applicable to aviation, Inventors: Pierre Audibert)
- Patent FR-1911-429898 (English title: Airplane-parachute-stabilizer, Inventors: Henri Huet)
- Patent FR-1911-429707 (English title: Airplane equipped with a parachute and rising vertically, Inventors: Clemens Ostermai)
- Patent FR-1911-430799 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Henry-Augustin Vassort)
- Patent FR-1911-425164.14387 (English title: Automatic stabilizer-parachute for aeroplanes, Inventors: Paul Huguet)
- Patent US-1911-1021784 (English title: Combined parachute and helicopter, Inventors: Norman W. Knight)
- Patent FR-1911-430799.14482 (English title: Parachute for aviator, Inventors: Henry-Augustin Vassort)
- Patent FR-1911-433928 (English title: improvements to flying machines, Inventors: Augusto Emilio Mueller)
- Patent FR-1911-443278 (English title: Parachute for aeronautic apparatus, Inventors: Alexandre Crémoux • Hector-Joseph Martin)
- Patent US-1911-1043969 (English title: Multiplane, Inventors: Christopher Peterson)
- Patent BE-1911-432340 (English title: Parachute for airplanes and other airborne vessels and device for automatically triggering it in case of danger, Inventors: Joseph Grégroire)
- Patent FR-1911-444845 (English title: Aeroplane parachute with automatic stabilizer, Inventors: Jean-Georges Xiradaky)
- Patent US-1911-1030312 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Henry Laprise)
- Patent AT-1911-59404 (English title: Apparatus for unfolding parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent GB-1911-19098 (English title: Parachtes, Inventors: Gaston Hervieu)
- Patent FR-1911-445380 (English title: aeroplane parachute, Inventors: Adrien-Pierre Deruelle)
- Patent FR-1911-434781 (English title: Easily transportable airplane which forms a parachute, Inventors: Philippe-Joseph Petit • Henri Gourier)
- Patent US-1911-1053133 (English title: Rain-maker, Inventors: John G. Potts)
- Patent FR-1911-435455 (English title: Aeroplane parachute, Inventors: Joseph Carles)
- Patent AT-1911-59461 (English title: Neutralization recoil in the apparatus for launching parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent AT-1911-57225 (English title: Lighting device to be released from aircraft, Inventors: Emil Hyra • Karl Klinkosch)
- Patent FR-1911-430799.15027 (English title: Parachute for aviator, involving propellers, with some relation to the parachute, Inventors: Henry-Augustin Vassort)
- Patent FR-1911-436374 (English title: Rescue device for aviators, Inventors: Frédéric Bonnet)
- Patent FR-1911-436529 (English title: Apparatus for parachute activation, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent FR-1912-427083.15073 (English title: Parachute or safety stabilizer for airplanes, Inventors: Tancrède Alvarès d'Azevedo Macedo)
- Patent CA-1912-141690 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent US-1911-1074525 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Michael Angelo Parisano)
- Patent GB-1911-29319 (English title: Improvements in the Opening of Parachutes, Inventors: Léon Dangy)
- Patent FR-1911-438545 (English title: Improvements brought to parachutes, Inventors: Léon Dangy)
- Patent HU-1911-64331 (English title: Equipment for opening parachutes, Inventors: Léon Dangy)
- Patent US-1911-1055245 (English title: Air-anchor for parachutes, Inventors: Jean F. Webb)
- Patent FR-1913-431691.18178 (English title: Parachute applicable to aviation, Inventors: Pierre Audibert)
- Patent FR-1912-435706 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Gaston Hervieu)
- Patent FR-1912-436529.16745 (English title: Apparatus for parachute activation, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent IN-1912-4 (English title: Improvements in parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent FR-1912-430799.15317 (English title: Parachute for aviator, Inventors: Henry-Augustin Vassort)
- Patent FR-1912-439277 (English title: Automatic tubular parachute, with re-entering alarm whistle tubes, Inventors: Alcime Lefèvre)
- Patent AT-1912-58647 (English title: Unfolding or opening device for parachutes, Inventors: Léon Dangy)
- Patent GB-1912-2154 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Aerial Machines, Inventors: Augusto Mattani)
- Patent US-1912-1039295 (English title: Safety device for aircraft, Inventors: John Kratofill)
- Patent US-1912-1040241 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Louis J. Rouchleau)
- Patent FR-1912-436374.15443 (English title: pilot rescue apparatus, Inventors: Frédéric Bonnet)
- Patent GB-1912-3214 (English title: Improvements in and relating to Aeroplanes, Inventors: George Brougham Hubert Austin)
- Patent US-1912-1052204 (English title: Automatic balancing and horizontal sustaining aeroplane, Inventors: George Brougham Hubert Austin)
- Patent FR-1912-440824 (English title: rapid deployment parachute, Inventors: Paul Zimmermann)
- Patent GB-1912-5459 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Aerial Machines, Inventors: Jacob Christian Hansen-Ellehammer • Niels Waltersen Aasen)
- Patent FR-1912-423871.15562 (English title: parachute for aeronautic apparatus, Inventors: Pierre-Max Bordes, Applicant firm: Pierre-Max Bordes)
- Patent FR-1912-441038 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Georg Wienke)
- Patent FR-1912-442971 (English title: Automatic release parachute, Inventors: Auguste-Théophile Desgardin)
- Patent US-1912-1053182 (English title: Parachute Carrying and Disengaging Means Carried by an Aeroplane and Attached Thereto, Inventors: Antony Jannus • Thomas W. Benoist)
- Patent FR-1912-440824.15582 (English title: rapid deployment parachute, Inventors: Paul Zimmermann)
- Patent FR-1912-431691.15593 (English title: Parachute applicable to aviation, Inventors: Pierre Audibert)
- Patent FR-1912-442978 (English title: Parachute for aviators, Inventors: Charles Stévenin)
- Patent FR-1912-442698 (English title: Parachute applicable to aerostats and aviation, Inventors: Marius Chaumeret)
- Patent FR-1912-443064 (English title: Parachute for aeroplanes, Inventors: Auguste Jouve)
- Patent FR-1912-444168 (English title: Parachute of rubber stretchers functioning by way of compressed air, Inventors: Fernand-Charles Gouvernet)
- Patent FR-1912-443150 (English title: Safety apparatus for aviators, Inventors: Victor Hubert)
- Patent FR-1912-442978.15905 (English title: Parachute system designed for pilots, Inventors: Charles Stévenin)
- Patent US-1912-1050921 (English title: Airship, Inventors: James Darche)
- Patent FR-1912-444289 (English title: System of parachutes with springs for air-ships, Inventors: Achille Abraham)
- Patent FR-1912-444533 (English title: helicopter parachute with automatic stability and human propulsion, Inventors: Ernest Bertin)
- Patent FR-1912-444505 (English title: helicopter parachute with automatic stability and light motor system of variable power, Inventors: Ernest Bertin)
- Patent FR-1912-444663 (English title: new parachute for aeroplanes, Inventors: Joseph Amphoux)
- Patent BE-1912-06-10 Charles Pregaldino (English title: Flying aero-parachute, Inventors: Charles Pregaldino)
- Patent FR-1912-439277.16077 (English title: Automatic tubular parachute, with re-entering alarm whistle tubes, Inventors: Alcime Lefèvre)
- Patent US-1913-1054099 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Sern B. Eversen • John McLarty)
- Patent US-1912-1051709 (English title: Parachute attachment for aeroplanes, Inventors: Stanley Drake)
- Patent GB-1912-14859 (English title: Improvements to parachutes, Inventors: Alcime Lefèvre)
- Patent FR-1912-444663.16154 (English title: New parachute for aeroplanes, Inventors: Joseph Amphoux)
- Patent FR-1912-421192.16156 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Paul Dherbès)
- Patent FR-1912-435455.16341 (English title: aeroplane parachute, Inventors: Joseph Carles)
- Patent FR-1912-446495 (English title: Flying aero-parachute, Inventors: Charles Pregaldino)
- Patent US-1912-1081137 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent US-1912-1072764 (English title: Parachute attachment for airships, Inventors: William A. Nagel)
- Patent HU-1912-66599 (English title: Device for operation of parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent ES-1912-53762 (English title: Invention for activating parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent CH-1912-62717 (English title: Apparatus for unfolding of parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent NL-1912-1025 (English title: Design to unfold parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent US-1912-1155485 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: Jacob Christian Hansen-Ellehammer • Niels Waltersen Aasen)
- Patent FR-1912-449070 (English title: Airman Rescue Device, Inventors: Corneille-Gustave-Ernest Trumelet-Faber)
- Patent AT-1912-63290 (English title: Apparatus for opening parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent FR-1912-449537 (English title: Parachute system for airplanes, the type in which the airplane is protected, not in which the pilot leaves the plane, Inventors: Nazaire Lacrotte • François Creceveur)
- Patent AT-1912-61136 (English title: Lighting device to be released from aircraft, Inventors: Emil Hyra • Karl Klinkosch)
- Patent HU-1912-61182 (English title: Lighting equipment, which can be discharged from aircraft, Inventors: Emil Hyra • Karl Klinkosch)
- Patent FR-1913-450115 (English title: Airplane system of type "arrow parachute", Inventors: Marie Rousseau)
- Patent GB-1912-25355 (English title: Improvements in and relating to Illuminating Devices for use in connection with Air Ships, Inventors: Emil Hyra • Karl Klinkosch)
- Patent FR-1912-452556 (English title: Human-powered parachute-glider with flapping wings, Inventors: Marius Chantron)
- Patent HU-1913-66004 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Anton Oister)
- Patent GB-1913-9028 (English title: Improvements in and relating to Parachutes, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent AT-1914-65049 (English title: parachute, Inventors: Alcime Lefèvre)
- Patent AT-1913-65141 (English title: Lighting equipment, which can be discharged from aircraft, Inventors: Emil Hyra • Karl Klinkosch)
- Patent GB-1913-2512 (English title: Improvements in and relating to Illuminating Devices particularly adapted for use in connection with Airships, Inventors: Emil Hyra • Karl Klinkosch)
- Patent FR-1913-465536 (English title: Airplane parachute, Inventors: Jacques-Jules Sloan)
- Patent FR-1913-465536.19436 (English title: Parachute for airplanes, Inventors: Jacques-Jules Sloan)
- Patent BE-1913-255172 (English title: Airplane transformable into a parachute, Inventors: Fidia Riccardo Pio)
- Patent FR-1913-456060 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, actually featuring automatic parachutes, Inventors: Gustav Kindermann)
- Patent GB-1913-8180 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, Inventors: Joseph Allison Steinmetz)
- Patent US-1913-04-21 George Raymond Lawrence (English title: Airplane, a quite elaborate system and design, military, inclusive of parachute, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent GB-1913-9863 (English title: Improvements in, or relating to, Parachutes, Inventors: Fernand-Charles Gouvernet)
- Patent US-1916-1189680 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Jefferson M. Gardner)
- Patent FR-1913-456060.17716 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, actually featuring automatic parachutes, Inventors: Gustav Kindermann)
- Patent FR-1913-458094 (English title: Lift plane convertible into a parachute for flying machines, Inventors: Wenz Turka)
- Patent FR-1913-458851 (English title: Parachute mechanically exiting a tube and being used for aeroplanes and airships, Inventors: Georges Mucha)
- Patent BE-1913-255172.257258 (English title: Airplane transformable into a parachute, Inventors: Fidia Riccardo Pio)
- Patent FR-1913-461842 (English title: Flying parachute, Inventors: Ernest-Jean-Baptiste Vaché)
- Patent FR-1913-436374.18151 (English title: pilot rescue apparatus, Inventors: Frédéric Bonnet)
- Patent FR-1913-465536.19368 (English title: Parachute for airplanes, Inventors: Jacques-Jules Sloan)
- Patent GB-1913-22229 (English title: Improvements in Parachute Life Saving Devices for Aviators, Inventors: Corneille-Gustave-Ernest Trumelet-Faber)
- Patent US-1913-1105049 (Inventors: Corneille-Gustave-Ernest Trumelet-Faber)
- Patent NL-1913-1235 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Johannes Aloisius Wilhelmus Kalberg)
- Patent FR-1913-473825 (English title: Automatically opening parachute for airplanes and other applications, Inventors: André Fons • François Saint-Martin)
- Patent FR-1913-458851.18333 (English title: Parachute ejected automatically from a tube and able to serve in aeroplanes and in dirigibles, Inventors: Georges Mucha)
- Patent FR-1913-473974 (English title: Parachute system for airplane safety, Inventors: Miltiade-Achille Mitaranga)
- Patent FR-1913-474019 (English title: Parachute for pilots, Inventors: Pierre Bacque)
- Patent FR-1913-474329 (English title: Illumintaing apparatus with parachute allowing aviators to cast light and observe terrain at night, Inventors: Léon Dangy)
- Patent FR-1913-465970 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Heinrich Karl Major)
- Patent FR-1913-449070.18648 (English title: rescue apparatus for aviators, Inventors: Corneille-Gustave-Ernest Trumelet-Faber)
- Patent HU-1913-78954 (English title: Rescue device for using the wingspan of an aeroplane as a rescue parachute in the event of danger by the manual or automatic disengagement of heavy parts, Inventors: Géza Gombos)
- Patent BE-1911-10-26 Charles Pregaldino (English title: Flying aero-parachute, Inventors: Charles Pregaldino)
- Patent BE-1913-261967 (English title: Airplane equipped with multiple parachutes, Inventors: N. Rousselle)
- Patent BE-1914-261967.263807 (English title: Airplane equipped with multiple parachutes, Inventors: N. Rousselle)
- Patent FR-1915-475052 (English title: Parachute with multiple surfaces, Inventors: Louis Boudreaux)
- Patent FR-1914-439277.19261 (English title: Automatic tubular parachute, with tubes re-entering with alarm whistle, Inventors: Alcime Lefèvre)
- Patent HU-1914-69963 (English title: Life-rescue parachutes for flying machines, Inventors: István Olajos)
- Patent GB-1914-2711 (English title: Complete system of parachute release or launching, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent BE-1914-255172.264477 (English title: Airplane transformable into a parachute, Inventors: Fidia Riccardo Pio)
- Patent GB-1914-4412 (English title: Improvements in and relating to Parachutes, Inventors: Alcime Lefèvre)
- Patent AT-1914-69754 (English title: Ignition device for parachute lamps to be ejected from aircraft, Inventors: Emil Hyra • Karl Klinkosch)
- Patent US-1914-1165891 (English title: Packed parachute, Inventors: Glenn L. Martin, Applicant firm: Glenn L. Martin Company)
- Patent FR-1914-449070.19010 (English title: rescue apparatus for aviators, Inventors: Corneille-Gustave-Ernest Trumelet-Faber)
- Patent FR-1914-470920 (English title: Airplane transformable into a parachute, Inventors: Fidia Riccardo Pio)
- Patent GB-1914-7987 (English title: Improvements in Aeroplanes Combined with Parachutes, airplane transformable into a parachute, Inventors: Fidia Riccardo Pio)
- Patent US-1914-1213332 (English title: Parachute, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent FR-1914-471005 (English title: Improvements to parachutes, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent AT-1914-86789 (English title: Tilt protection for aircraft, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent DE-1914-334508 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent CH-1914-69586 (English title: Airplane, a quite elaborate system and design, military, inclusive of parachute, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent HU-1914-66826 (English title: Flying machine fairly likely airplane, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent GB-1915-9816 (English title: Improvements in Aeroplanes, that is, overall design, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent AU-1914-13180 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent ES-1914-58017 (English title: Airplane, complete system inclusive of parachute, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent GB-1914-1077 (English title: Fully elaborated parachute system, in context relative to cockpit and so forth, complete with air-injector, specifics inclusive of parachute pleating, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent BE-1914-255172.268328 (English title: Airplane transformable into a parachute, Inventors: Fidia Riccardo Pio)
- Patent GB-1915-24594 (English title: Improvements relating to Slings for use with Parachutes, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent BE-1914-268726 (English title: Improved parachute, Inventors: E. Pion)
- Patent US-1914-1124623 (English title: Releasable parachute for aerolanes, Inventors: Frank Kush)
- Patent GB-1914-21312 (English title: Elaboration of a parachute, the specific mechanisms of its controlled release, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent BE-1914-274337 (English title: Rescue buoy-parachute, Inventors: A.-S. Castellano • J.-A. Dean • Rosolfsky dit F. Rose)
- Patent GB-1916-24595 (English title: Improvements relating to parachute release mechanisms, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)
- Patent US-1916-1183796 (English title: Parachuting attachment for balloons, Inventors: George L. Bumbaugh)
Enclosing categories | Simple tech terms |
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Subcategories | |
Keywords | Safety |
Start year | |
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References
- ↑ Wise, 1873, Through the Air, p. 108. "The parachute very much resembles the ordinary umbrella in shape, but is much larger. The umbrella itself, requiring such strength to bear it up against a moderate wind, might naturally have suggested the application of the same principle to break the fall of a body coming from a great height. To effect this nothing was required but to present a surface having dimensions sufficient to experience from the air a resistance equal to the weight of descent, in moving through the fluid with a velocity not exceeding that of the shock which a person can sustain without danger or injury. Accordingly, in the East, where the umbrella, or rather the parasol, has been from the remotest ages in familiar use, this implement appears to be occasionally employed by vaulters for enabling them to jump safely from great heights. Father Loubere, in his curious account of Siam, relates that a person, famous in that remote country for his dexterity, was accustomed to divert exceedingly the king and the royal court by the prodigious leaps which he took, having two umbrellas with long slender handles fastened to his girdle. He generally alighted on the ground, but was sometimes carried by the force of the wind against the trees and houses, and not unfrequently into the river. Not a great many years ago the umbrella was, at least on one occasion, employed in Europe for similar purposes, as well as in our own country. In the campaign of 1793 a French general, named Bournonville, having been sent by the National Convention, with four more commissioners, to treat with the prince of Saxe-Coburg, was, contrary to the faith or courtesy heretofore preserved in the fiercest wars that have raged in civilized nations, detained a prisoner with his companions, and sent to the fortress of Olmutz, where he suffered a rigorous confinement." [and jumped out the window]
- ↑ Wise, 1873, Through the Air, p. 111. "Blanchard was the first person who ever constructed a parachute for the purpose of using it with a balloon in cases of accident while aloft. During an excursion which he took from Lisle, about the end of August, 1785, when he traversed, without halting, a distance not less than 300 miles, he let down a parachute with a basket fastened to it, containing a dog, from a great height, which fell gently through the air and let the animal down to the ground unhurt."
- ↑ Laufer, 1928, Prehistory of Aviation, p. 14.