Ornithopter

Edward Purkis Frost's 1902 ornithopter

An ornithopter is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings like a bird.

See also orthopter, a similar term which technically implies "straight" wings rather than bird wings.

This wiki has 212 patents categorized in "ornithopter" or "orthopter".

Patents in categories ornithopter or ornithopters

• Patent US-1896-pt (English title: Man-powered helicopter, Inventors: Rudolph Kosch)
• Patent US-1921-1370445 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Clarence Ernest Holt)
• Patent GB-1860-561 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: John Kinnersley Smythies)
• Patent GB-1867-1982 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Thomas Craddock)
• Patent GB-1867-1525 (English title: Apparatus connected with flying machines, Inventors: Joseph Meyers Kaufmann)
• Patent US-1876-181186 (English title: Improvement in flying-machines, Inventors: François X. Lamboley)
• Patent FR-1878-128000 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: Pomès)
• Patent US-1880-234947 (English title: Aerial apparatus, Inventors: Frederick William Brearey)
• Patent DE-1880-11881 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Frederick William Brearey)
• Patent FR-1880-137630 (English title: Aerial navigation apparatus called ornothoid, Inventors: Gustave Greil • Jean Frédéric Ziégler)
• Patent DE-1881-14019 (English title: Propulsion apparatus for flying machines, Inventors: Joens)
• Patent US-1881-246872 (English title: Aeronautic apparatus & regulator, Inventors: Edward De Jongh)
• Patent US-1881-262687 (English title: Flying-Machine, Inventors: Charles F. Myers)
• Patent DE-1882-19504 (English title: Innovations in flying machines -- ornithopter, Inventors: Frederick William Brearey)
• Patent GB-1884-2589 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: William Cornelius)
• Patent BE-1885-68548 (English title: Apparatus for aerial navigation, Inventors: Blaise Bontems)
• Patent GB-1885-5118 (English title: Navigable balloons, Inventors: Blaise Bontems)
• Patent FR-1885-168266 (English title: Apparatus for aerial navigation, Inventors: Blaise Bontems)
• Patent US-1885-381106 (English title: Apparatus for aerial navigation, Inventors: Blaise Bontems)
• Patent US-1887-376937 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: William Beeson)
• Patent US-1888-398984 (English title: Human-powered flapping wings with balloon, Inventors: Reuben Jasper Spalding)
• Patent DE-1889-49093 (English title: Flight apparatus, Inventors: A. Kupper)
• Patent DE-1890-61510 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Federico Capone)
• Patent DE-1891-70783 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Federico Capone)
• Patent US-1893-514287 (English title: Aerial Vessel, Inventors: Sigmund Spaeth)
• Patent DE-1893-74232 (English title: Kite, imitating the wing-beats of a bird, with collapsible frame, Inventors: Eduard Watzek)
• Patent GB-1895-17366 (English title: Means for Propelling Air and Water Vehicles, Inventors: Oscar Roeper)
• Patent DE-1896-89860 (English title: Traction device on flying machines, Inventors: Rudolph Kosch)
• Patent GB-1897-15987 (English title: Flying Machines with Beating Wings, Inventors: Alexander Adams)
• Patent DE-1900-120712 (English title: Aircraft with mechanically operated flapping wings arranged one above the other in vertical rows, Inventors: Firmin Bousson)
• Patent US-1900-688135 (English title: Air-Ship, Inventors: John Spies)
• Patent AT-1901-17637 (English title: Aviatic Flying-Maschine, Inventors: Josef Homola)
• Patent US-1901-702120 (English title: Air-ship, Inventors: Harvey B. van Voorhis)
• Patent IT-1902-64427 (English title: Air Ship, Inventors: Harvey B. van Voorhis)
• Patent DE-1905-185172 (English title: Flapping wing aircraft with two identically designed fan-shaped wings, Inventors: Gustav Fritz)
• Patent US-1906-840078 (English title: Airship, Inventors: John Meden)
• Patent US-1906-857166 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Fletcher Edward Felts)
• Patent DE-1906-222136 (English title: A flying machine with flaps whose ends are rotatable about the longitudinal axes, Inventors: Ulrich von Reden)
• Patent GB-1906-20952 (English title: Improvements in Aerial Machines, Inventors: John Law Garsed)
• Patent GB-1906-23085 (English title: New Aeroplane-Orthopter, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste Passat)
• Patent US-1906-897504 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Alexander V. Wilson)
• Patent US-1906-850800 (English title: Airship, Inventors: John Shukwech)
• Patent US-1906-906406 (English title: Aeroplane flying machine, Inventors: Thomas H. Gignilliat)
• Patent FI-1907-3135 (English title: Drive mechanism for the wings for dynamic airplanes, Inventors: Boo Henning Wallin, Applicant firm: Aktiebolaget Aviatorer)
• Patent GB-1907-1391 (English title: Improvements in wings for flying machines, Inventors: Boo Henning Wallin)
• Patent GB-1907-4043 (English title: Improvements in Flying Machines, Inventors: Leopold Benoit de Laitte)
• Patent US-1907-868038 (English title: Mechanism for winged flying-machines or air-ships, Inventors: Julius Uherkovich de Uherkócz)
• Patent AT-1907-53116 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Julius Schülke)
• Patent DE-1907-216181 (English title: Glider with beating wings, Inventors: Hermann Tieszen)
• Patent US-1907-968700 (English title: Flying apparatus, Inventors: Julius Schuelke)
• Patent FR-1907-379539 (English title: Mechanism of movement for dynamic aerial wings, Applicant firm: Aktiebolaget Aviatorer)
• Patent US-1907-968931 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Harry C. Gammeter)
• Patent GB-1907-24247 (English title: Improvements in Flying Machines, Inventors: Bateman David Scott • Wilfred Edward Scott)
• Patent FR-1907-383589 (English title: Airplane with two flapping wings and propulsive propeller, Inventors: Léon Tardin)
• Patent DE-1907-236835 (English title: Flying machine with flexible wings that are level at rest, Inventors: Guido Antoni • Ugo Antoni)
• Patent GB-1907-25518 (English title: Improvements to ornithopter flying machines, Inventors: Guido Antoni • Ugo Antoni)
• Patent US-1907-1192954 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: William Phillips Thompson)
• Patent CA-1907-110915 (English title: Aerial Machine, Inventors: George M. West)
• Patent US-1908-920792 (English title: Winged propelling and guiding mechanism for air-ships, Inventors: Julius Uherkovich de Uherkocz)
• Patent FR-1908-375221.8779 (English title: Aviator with wings, imitating the flight of birds, Inventors: Louis Jolivet)
• Patent GB-1908-1035 (English title: Improvements in or connected to with aerial machines, Inventors: John Law Garsed)
• Patent FR-1908-386985 (English title: Ornithoper, Inventors: Ugo Salvotti)
• Patent DE-1908-203534 (English title: Device for rotating the swing axis of flapping wings, Inventors: Friedrich Kopsch)
• Patent FR-1908-389791 (English title: Aviation apparatus, orthopter, airship, based on the application of principles constituting a new theory of bird flight, Inventors: Lucien-Marie-Eugène Grandjean)
• Patent US-1908-971358 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: Leonard E. Clawson)
• Patent AT-1908-37878 (English title: Means for rotating the swing axis of flapping wings, Inventors: Friedrich Kopsch)
• Patent FR-1908-407411 (English title: Ornithopter, Inventors: Félix Michau)
• Patent US-1908-979286 (English title: Aerial navigator, Inventors: Roscoe Clair Gore)
• Patent FR-1909-398599 (English title: Improvements to driving paddles for aerostats, Inventors: Georges Veriga-Darewsky)
• Patent US-1909-935262 (English title: Device for turning the swinging axles of flapping wings, Inventors: Friedrich Wilhelm Theodor Kopsch)
• Patent FR-1909-398918 (English title: Flying machine of the ornithopter type, Inventors: Felix Icasate-Larios)
• Patent US-1910-954733 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Anna O. Hagstedt)
• Patent FR-1909-400718 (English title: Ornithopter, Inventors: Frédéric Malfait • Aline Gay)
• Patent GB-1909-6418 (English title: Improved Means for Actuating Oscillating Lever-arms, Propellers and the like, Inventors: Bertram George Cooper)
• Patent GB-1909-6568 (English title: Improvements in Flying Machines, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste Passat)
• Patent FR-1909-393456.10729 (English title: Airplane system comprising load-bearing planes oblique with respect to each other and provided with movable wings operating like the limbs of birds during flight, Inventors: Charles-Marie-Émile Piquerez)
• Patent FR-1909-400718.10773 (English title: Ornithopter, heavier-than-air, mainly a rudder controlling altitude, Inventors: Frédéric Malfait • Aline Gay)
• Patent GB-1909-7998 (English title: An Improved Aerial Machine without Aerostat, Inventors: Walter Cook)
• Patent FR-1909-402080 (English title: Improvements to engines for aerial navigation, plans for their actualization, and an ornithopter as application, Inventors: Josef Homola)
• Patent GB-1909-9525 (English title: Improvements in Aerial Wing Mechanism, Inventors: Richard Woodhouse Rogers)
• Patent GB-1909-12369 (English title: Improvements in or connected with Flying Machines and/or other Aerial Vessels, Inventors: John Edward Waller • John Grice Statter)
• Patent US-1909-1025306 (English title: Apparatus for aerial navigation, Inventors: Randolph R. Rawle • John Rawle)
• Patent FR-1909-405533 (English title: Improvements to ornithoptera, Inventors: Fernand Soubiran)
• Patent FR-1910-410833 (English title: Ornithopter, Inventors: Raphael Schweers)
• Patent GB-1909-21485 (English title: An Orthoptric Flying Machine, Inventors: Albert Clemens Just)
• Patent US-1909-990424 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Brantly Chalfant)
• Patent GB-1909-25168 (English title: An improved flying machine, Inventors: Alfred Barker)
• Patent CH-1909-50902 (English title: Ornithopter, Inventors: Félix Michau)
• Patent DE-1909-251310 (English title: Aircraft with beating wings, Inventors: Felix Michau)
• Patent US-1909-975229 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Roscoe C. Gore)
• Patent GB-1909-27490 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Flying Machines, Inventors: Felix Michau)
• Patent RU-1909-41467 (English title: ornithopter, Inventors: Félix Michau • Феликс Мишо)
• Patent US-1909-1001043 (English title: Airship-propeller, Inventors: Otto Kattenhorn)
• Patent FR-1911-421783 (English title: Improvements to air navigation equipment particularly ornithopters, Inventors: Hippolyte Lepape)
• Patent US-1910-994897 (English title: Aerodrome, Inventors: David A. Albright)
• Patent GB-1910-2118 (English title: An Aeroplane Flying Machine, Inventors: Felix Icasate-Larios)
• Patent US-1910-1161664 (English title: Aeromobile, Inventors: John Emery Harriman, Jr.)
• Patent GB-1910-4822 (English title: Improvements in Aerial Machines, Inventors: John Nolan)
• Patent US-1910-1011519 (English title: Alaeplane, Inventors: Herbert L. Stillman)
• Patent GB-1910-8822 (English title: Aeromobile, Inventors: John Emery Harriman, Jr.)
• Patent DE-1910-273512 (English title: Airplane with wings arranged in pairs, movable along the longitudinal axis, Inventors: John Emery Harriman, Jr.)
• Patent FR-1910-415171 (English title: Aeroplane-ornithopter, Inventors: Gaston Lamouroux • Fernand Lamouroux • Léopold Farenc)
• Patent US-1910-1013219 (English title: Aerial vehicle, Inventors: Cleveland A. Rex, Applicant firm: Rex Aerial Navigating And Construction Company of New Jersey)
• Patent US-1911-1011836 (English title: Orthopter, Inventors: John O'Leary)
• Patent CH-1910-53360 (English title: Aircraft, Inventors: Alois Wolfmüller)
• Patent GB-1910-17036 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Aerial Machines, Inventors: John Marshall)
• Patent FR-1910-418510 (English title: Wings for flapping flying machine, Inventors: Jules Materne)
• Patent FR-1910-418657 (English title: Orthopter, Inventors: Albert Fouin)
• Patent FR-1910-419140 (English title: Flying wing ornithopter flying apparatus with automatic deformation, Inventors: René-Louis Riout)
• Patent GB-1910-19221 (Inventors: Jules Materne)
• Patent GB-1910-20497 (English title: Universal Steering Gear for Beater Flying Machine, Inventors: Erhard Brunsmann)
• Patent FR-1910-420650 (English title: Continuous circular motion flapping wing airplane, Inventors: André Debrie • Maurice Dalotel)
• Patent US-1910-984258 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Adelard J. Beauregard)
• Patent DE-1910-262678 (English title: Airplane with flapping wings, Inventors: Ferdinand Klepsch)
• Patent FR-1910-421971 (English title: Airplane with flapping wings (of the ornithopter type), Inventors: Henry Reynal)
• Patent GB-1910-25750 (English title: Improvements in Flying Machines, Inventors: Ludwig Sommer)
• Patent FR-1910-422218 (English title: Aerial apparatus, Inventors: Ludwig Sommer)
• Patent FR-1911-422280 (English title: Improvements to ornithopters, Inventors: Emile-Adolphe Rauber)
• Patent DE-1910-259148 (English title: Steering wing for aircraft, Inventors: Hermann Katsch)
• Patent FR-1910-407411.13404 (English title: Ornithopter, Inventors: Félix Michau)
• Patent FR-1910-419748.13470 (English title: Triplane airplane with fixed median plane and two oscillating lateral planes, Inventors: Pierre Pons)
• Patent US-1910-1031807 (English title: Air-navigating machine, Inventors: Ernest Molnar)
• Patent FR-1912-435611 (English title: Ornithopter mixed with fixed stabilizing wings, Inventors: Frédéric Malfait)
• Patent FR-1911-426616 (English title: Improvements to ornithopters with flapping wings, Inventors: Ugo Salvotti)
• Patent GB-1911-6657 (English title: Flying Machines, Inventors: Lemuel Seaman Cunningham)
• Patent US-1911-1012767 (English title: Flying apparatus, Inventors: James R. Vize)
• Patent US-1911-1009692 (English title: Flying-machine with flapping wings, Inventors: René-Louis Riout)
• Patent GB-1911-17951 (English title: Improvements in Flying Machines with Flapping Wings, Inventors: René-Louis Riout)
• Patent FR-1911-435141 (English title: Flying machine with flapping wings operated by pedals or motor, Inventors: Gerhard Beer • Max Jelinek)
• Patent FR-1911-435968 (English title: Aircraft with multiple flapping wings, Inventors: Louis Jolivet • Jules Molinié • Gaston Léotard)
• Patent RU-1911-26113 (English title: Mechanism for controlling the flapping of a flying machine's wings, Inventors: Hermann Hassenbach)
• Patent GB-1911-28815 (English title: An Improved Flying Machine, Inventors: Emil Keller)
• Patent FR-1911-438231 (English title: Ornithopter or flying machine with flapping wings, Inventors: Max Muehter)
• Patent US-1912-1045209 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Thomas Clifford Starr)
• Patent FR-1912-440139 (English title: Oscillating suspension plane, Inventors: Eugène-Henri-Joseph Bonnot)
• Patent US-1912-1031461 (English title: Airship, Inventors: James Peter Olsen Jr.)
• Patent US-1912-1078143 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: William S. Hull)
• Patent GB-1912-15564 (English title: Aerial Machines, Inventors: José Weiss • Alexander Keith)
• Patent AT-1912-62757 (English title: Swingplane, that is, airplane of flapping wings, Inventors: Franz Blicharski)
• Patent FR-1912-446040 (English title: Flapping wing device that can be used as an airplane or as a toy, Inventors: Lin-Marius Mannent)
• Patent FR-1912-448402 (English title: Ornithopter, Inventors: Theophile Martiniere)
• Patent IN-1912-522 (English title: Machines for aerial flight, Inventors: Isaac Bell)
• Patent FR-1913-451094 (English title: Rowing ornithopter, Inventors: Constantin Jorion)
• Patent FR-1912-450003 (English title: Flying machine by flapping, Inventors: José-Antonio Buch)
• Patent FR-1912-446040.16681 (English title: Flapping wing device that can be used as an airplane or as a toy, Inventors: Lin-Marius Mannent)
• Patent US-1912-1195139 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Richard H. James)
• Patent FR-1912-446040.16905 (English title: Flapping wing device that can be used as an airplane or as a toy, Inventors: Lin-Marius Mannent)
• Patent FR-1912-446040.16974 (English title: Flapping wing device that can be used as an airplane or as a toy, Inventors: Lin-Marius Mannent)
• Patent US-1912-1080498 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Benjamin Frank Stoner)
• Patent FR-1913-446040.17095 (English title: Aircraft with flapping wings that can be used as an aviette, as an airplane or as a toy, Inventors: Lin-Marius Mannent)
• Patent FR-1913-456699 (English title: Flying device with flapping wings, Inventors: Moritz Karl Bartelmuss)
• Patent FR-1913-456910 (English title: Aircraft with flapping wings, Inventors: Franz Blicharski)
• Patent DE-1913-287314 (English title: Bird-wing-style airplane airfoils with frontal thickness, Inventors: Gustav Lilienthal)
• Patent GB-1913-9599 (English title: Improvements in Flying Machines, Inventors: Franz Blicharski)
• Patent US-1913-1090609 (English title: Flying-Machine, Inventors: Elliott Emerson Furney)
• Patent US-1913-1114167 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: John Edward McWorter)
• Patent FR-1913-459867 (English title: Ornithopter flying machine, Inventors: Abel Daniel)
• Patent FR-1913-446040.17838 (English title: Aircraft with flapping wings that can be used as an aviette, as an airplane or as a toy, Inventors: Lin-Marius Mannent)
• Patent US-1913-1098024 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Adalbert Domaradzki)
• Patent FR-1913-460409 (English title: Ornithopter machine with beating wings, Inventors: Raphael Schwéers)
• Patent FR-1914-461779 (English title: Method for the construction of wings for a flapping wing airplane, Inventors: Louis-François Joulia)
• Patent GB-1913-4191.29772 (English title: An exhaustively counterbalanced human-powered flying machine with flapping wings, Inventors: Franz Xaver Wels)
• Patent CH-1914-67194 (English title: Flying machine based on bird flight, Inventors: Albert Weber)
• Patent FR-1914-470690 (English title: Flying machine with flapping wings, Inventors: Emanuel Cervenka)
• Patent AT-1914-73965 (English title: Bird wing-like wing for aircraft, Inventors: Gustav Lilienthal)
• Patent FR-1914-474583 (English title: Wing for airplanes, Inventors: Gustav Lilienthal)
• Patent US-1914-1133451 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Clarence A. Worfel)
• Patent US-1914-1118205 (English title: Transmission-drive for dirigible airships, Inventors: Sarkis Jelalian)
• Patent GB-1914-15367 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Flying Machines, Inventors: John Edward McWorter • Charles Holbin Dodge)
• Patent DE-1914-305970 (English title: Wing-beating-powered apparatus for entertainment and exhibition, Inventors: Alois Wolfmüller • Josef Buhl)
• Patent US-1914-1153143 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Clarence Gaston Walker)
• Patent GB-1914-22482 (English title: Improvements in aeroplanes and flying machines with flapping wings, Inventors: Édouard Favre)
• Patent US-1914-1431646 (English title: Aeroplane and flying machine with flapping wings, Inventors: Alfred Frey)
• Patent US-1915-1151862 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Bronislaw I. Buraczewski)
• Patent US-1915-1189612 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Frank Narobe)
• Patent FR-1915-483114 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Clarence Gaston Walker)
• Patent GB-1915-14713 (English title: Flying Machines, Inventors: Clarence Gaston Walker)
• Patent GB-1915-14862 (English title: An Improved Aerial Machine of the Ornithopter Type, Inventors: William Frederic Saunt)
• Patent US-1916-1235856 (English title: Ornithopter, Inventors: Frank Ezra Summers)
• Patent FR-1916-486562 (English title: Ornithopter style advanced flying machine, Inventors: William Frederic Saunt)
• Patent US-1917-1376584 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Francis M. Rilleau)
• Patent US-1918-1284825 (English title: Wing-operating mechanism, Inventors: George R. Van Auken)
• Patent GB-1918-124607 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Flying Machines, Inventors: Herbert Wiley Hetherington)
• Patent FR-1918-496638 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Flying Machines, Inventors: Herbert Wiley Hetherington)
• Patent US-1920-1331299 (English title: Hinged, bird-shaped, flapping wings on aircraft, Inventors: Henry O. Watts)
• Patent US-1918-1450480 (English title: Mechanical bird, Inventors: James Walter Buck)
• Patent FR-1918-494680.21149 (English title: System of rigid swing planes, motors and receivers, applicable to aeronautics and hydraulics without any back pressure on straightening, Inventors: Arthur Legrand • Georges Tabarant)
• Patent SU-1919-442 (English title: Orneto-helicopter, Inventors: D. N. Hamburg • D. N. Gamborg)
• Patent US-1921-1435236 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: William S. Hull)

• experimental: Reports on ornithopter patents

Publications referring to ornithopter

• Reay, 2014, The history of man-powered flight (Simple title: The History of Man-Powered Flight)
• Lelasseux and Marque, 1910, L'aéroplane pour tous (in Russian) (Simple title: The airplane for everyone. The two flying schools, by Mr. Painlevé.)
• Lelasseux and Marque, 1909, L'aéroplane pour tous, suivi d'une note de M. P. Painlevé sur les deux écoles d'aviation (Simple title: The airplane for everyone. Followed by the two flying schools, by Mr. Painlevé)
• Besançon, 1893, L'orthoptère. Aérostat dirigeable, adopté par l'armée Russe (Simple title: The ornithopter. Airship dirigible, adopted by the Russian army, Journal: L'Aérophile)
• Crépy, 1899, Engin de navigation aérienne, Aéronef ou oiseau artificiel de Davidson (Simple title: New machine for aerial navigation, Journal: La Vie Scient.)
• Publication 61, 1902, How to fly (Simple title: How to fly, Journal: Aer. World)
• Roux, 1905, Une machine volant comme un oiseau (Simple title: A machine flying like a bird, Journal: L'Aéronaute)
• Gammeter, 1907, The Gammeter orthopter (Simple title: The Gammeter orthopter, Journal: Amer. Mag. Aeronautics)
• Gammeter, 1907, The Gammeter orthopter--A beating-wing flying machine (Simple title: The Gammeter orthopter--A beating-wing flying machine, Journal: Scient. Amer.)
• Publication 9463, 1908, La page des inventeurs. Un second aérovis, l'ornithoptère de M. Max Desmouceaux de Givray, l'aéroplane Battini, Ferrières, Dobresco, l'appareil Daunois, etc (Simple title: The inventors page. A second aérovis, the ornithopter of Mr. Max Desmouceaux de Givray, the Battini airplane, Ferrières, Dobresco, the Daunois aircraft, etc., Journal: L'Aéro)
• Cléry, 1908, L'ornithoptère Collomb (Simple title: The ornithopter Collomb, Journal: L'Aérophile)
• García Briz, 1909, Aviacion y Aeroplanos (Simple title: Aviation and Airplanes, Journal: Revista de Locomoción Aérea)
• Lougheed, 1910, Vehicles of the Air (Simple title: Vehicles of the Air)
• Amans, 1910, Peut-on mettre en équations le vol par battements (Simple title: Are there equations for flapping flight?, Journal: L'Aéro-Mécanique)
• Ochoa, 1910, Air, the emancipation of man (Simple title: Air, the emancipation of man, Journal: Aircraft)
• Publication B2p0980e13, 1911, Description of experimental ornithopter (Simple title: Description of experimental ornithopter, Journal: Aër. Journ)
• Ventou-Duclaux and Robert, 1911, Bases et méthodes d'études aéronautiques (Simple title: Bases et méthodes d'études aérontechniques)
• Robert, 1911, L'orthoptère A. Fouin (Simple title: The A. Fouin, Journal: L'Aéronaute)
• Publication B2p0980e11, 1912, Beating wing glider (Simple title: Beating wing glider, Journal: Aero)
• La Hault, 1912, L'ornithoptère à ailes battantes du comte de la Hault (Simple title: Count de la Hault's flapping-wing ornithopter, Journal: Rev. Aérienne)
• A.B., 1912, Le développement de l'ornithoptère (Simple title: The development of ornithopters, Journal: L'Av. Ind. et Comm.)

Links

• w:Ornithopter

Enclosing categories	Simple tech terms
Subcategories
Keywords	Flapping, Wings, bird, Birds, Orthopter, Ornithopters
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