Difference between revisions of "Hydroplane"
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+ | There is some ambiguity in the meaning of the term '''hydroplane''', which can refer to a type of boat that's not really an aircraft. | ||
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+ | Per [[Baker, 1912, What is a hydroplane? The evolution of a new type of craft]]: | ||
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+ | <blockquote>The hydroplane has a bottom structure which, though heavier than its displaced water, yet stays on the surface like a skipping-stone by constantly moving on the water; the aeroplane is a heavier-than-air structure which stays up like a kite by continually moving against the air. The hydroplane is upheld because its velocity develops a sufficient upward thrust of the water over which it is passing, just as the aeroplane is upheld because its velocity develops a sufficient upward thrust of the air through which it is passing.</blockquote> | ||
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+ | === Definition and distinction from hydro-aeroplane, or seaplane === | ||
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+ | ''Hydro-aeroplane'' (and variations thereon) more clearly refers to an airplane that also floats and can take off and land from water. ''[[Seaplane]]'' may be a synonym for the latter. | ||
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+ | The word is not found in the 1901 Oxford English Dictionary<ref>See p. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.73274/page/n501 490].</ref> or in the concise OED of 1911.<ref>See p. [https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00fowlrich/page/398/mode/2up 309].</ref> (We may in the future be able to find the right volume from a complete edition closer to 1910). | ||
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+ | In [[Patent US-1911-1203550]], [[Glenn Curtiss]] calls the vessel as a whole a hydroaeroplane, but makes frequent use of the term hydroplane to describe the water-borne surface and its action of lifting the vessel when propelled forward—with phrases such as: "hydroplane surface", "hydroplane bottom", "hydroplane lift". | ||
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+ | Similarly we have in [[Patent GB-1910-30111]], "Improvement in Flying Machines", by [[Henri Fabre]] (with [[Lloyd Wise & Co.]] his British agent): | ||
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+ | <blockquote>This invention relates to a flying machine of the type known as hydro-aeroplanes. In the improved hydro-aeroplane the hydroplane is formed in such a manner as to be always subject to a vertical upward thrust due to its own speed and to receive such thrust even should the shells of the floats that serve to sustain it on the water be completely submerged, either by the waves of owing to some other cause.<br>[...]<br> | ||
+ | According to the present invention means are provided such that the forces due to the speed of the water, far from creating a downward thrust, tend on the contrary to cause the portions accidentally submerged either by the waves or owing to some other cause, such as the shock of alighting, to rise again to the surface. <br> | ||
+ | For this purpose a hydro-aeroplane according to this invention comprises hydroplane floats arranged on in advance of the other and disposed at such an angle of attack to the horizontal as to form a sustaining surface either in the air or completely submerged in the water or sliding over the surface of water.</blockquote> | ||
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+ | {{References}} | ||
{{Techtype | {{Techtype | ||
− | |Enclosing categories= | + | |Enclosing categories=marine |
− | | | + | |Keywords=CPC B64C35/00; USPC 244/101; speed; aerodynamics |
}} | }} | ||
+ | {{Publication keywords report|hydroplane}} | ||
+ | {{Techtype patent report}} |
Latest revision as of 18:00, 19 January 2024
There is some ambiguity in the meaning of the term hydroplane, which can refer to a type of boat that's not really an aircraft.
Per Baker, 1912, What is a hydroplane? The evolution of a new type of craft:
The hydroplane has a bottom structure which, though heavier than its displaced water, yet stays on the surface like a skipping-stone by constantly moving on the water; the aeroplane is a heavier-than-air structure which stays up like a kite by continually moving against the air. The hydroplane is upheld because its velocity develops a sufficient upward thrust of the water over which it is passing, just as the aeroplane is upheld because its velocity develops a sufficient upward thrust of the air through which it is passing.
Definition and distinction from hydro-aeroplane, or seaplane
Hydro-aeroplane (and variations thereon) more clearly refers to an airplane that also floats and can take off and land from water. Seaplane may be a synonym for the latter.
The word is not found in the 1901 Oxford English Dictionary[1] or in the concise OED of 1911.[2] (We may in the future be able to find the right volume from a complete edition closer to 1910).
In Patent US-1911-1203550, Glenn Curtiss calls the vessel as a whole a hydroaeroplane, but makes frequent use of the term hydroplane to describe the water-borne surface and its action of lifting the vessel when propelled forward—with phrases such as: "hydroplane surface", "hydroplane bottom", "hydroplane lift".
Similarly we have in Patent GB-1910-30111, "Improvement in Flying Machines", by Henri Fabre (with Lloyd Wise & Co. his British agent):
This invention relates to a flying machine of the type known as hydro-aeroplanes. In the improved hydro-aeroplane the hydroplane is formed in such a manner as to be always subject to a vertical upward thrust due to its own speed and to receive such thrust even should the shells of the floats that serve to sustain it on the water be completely submerged, either by the waves of owing to some other cause.
[...]
According to the present invention means are provided such that the forces due to the speed of the water, far from creating a downward thrust, tend on the contrary to cause the portions accidentally submerged either by the waves or owing to some other cause, such as the shock of alighting, to rise again to the surface.
For this purpose a hydro-aeroplane according to this invention comprises hydroplane floats arranged on in advance of the other and disposed at such an angle of attack to the horizontal as to form a sustaining surface either in the air or completely submerged in the water or sliding over the surface of water.
References
Enclosing categories | Marine |
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Subcategories | |
Keywords | CPC B64C35/00, USPC 244/101, Speed, Aerodynamics |
Start year | |
End year |
Publications referring to hydroplane
- Publication 10004, 1906, I progressi degli idroplani (Simple title: The progress of hydroplanes, Journal: Boll. Soc. Aer. Ital.)
- Publication 9307, 1907, Il nuovo idroplano (Simple title: The new hydroplane, Journal: Boll. Soc. Aer. Ital.)
- Crocco, 1907, Un nouvel hydroplane à hélice aérienne (Simple title: A new hydroplane with an aerial propeller, Journal: L'Aérophile)
- Publication 6334, 1907, L'Idroplano Cooper-Hewitt (Simple title: The Cooper-Hewitt hydroplane, Journal: Boll. Soc. Aer. Ital.)
- Publication 12047, 1908, Trials of the 'Loon' hydroplane (Simple title: Trials of the 'Loon' hydroplane, Journal: Aeronautics)
- Bell, 1908, Baldwin's experiments with hydroplanes October 6 and 8 (Simple title: Baldwin's experiments with hydroplanes October 6 and 8, Journal: Bulletins of the Aerial Experiment Association)
- Publication 10157, 1909, The Ravaud aero-hydroplane. A new type of aeroplane adapted to rise from water (Simple title: The Ravaud aero-hydroplane. A new type of airplane adapted to rise from water, Journal: Scient. Amer. Suppl.)
- D'Arici, 1910, Les dirigeables militaires italiens (Simple title: The Italian military dirigibles, Journal: La Revue Aérienne)
- Curtiss, 1911, Glenn H. Curtiss' hydroplane-supported biplane, etc (Simple title: Glenn H. Curtiss' hydroplane-supported biplane, etc, Journal: Aircraft)
- Ventou-Duclaux and Robert, 1911, Bases et méthodes d'études aéronautiques (Simple title: Bases et méthodes d'études aérontechniques)
- Baker, 1912, What is a hydroplane? The evolution of a new type of craft (Simple title: What is a hydroplane? The evolution of a new type of craft, Journal: Scient. Amer.)
- Guidoni, 1913, Die Entwicklung des Hydroplans (Simple title: The development of the hydroplane, Journal: Öst. Flug-Zeit.)
- A.B., 1913, La traversée de l'Atlantique en hydro-aéroplane (Simple title: Crossing the Atlantic in a hydroplane, Journal: L'Aéro-Mécanique)
- Publication B2p0973e19, 1914, Important growth of industry seen at Olympia (Simple title: Important growth of industry seen at Olympia, Journal: Aero and Hydro)
- Publication B2p1340e19, 1914, Ocean flyer construction progressing (Simple title: Ocean flyer construction progressing, Journal: Aero and Hydro)
- Publication B2p0229e02, 1916, The Burgess-Curtiss flying boat (Simple title: The Burgess-Curtiss flying boat, Journal: Aerial Age)
- Patents in category Hydroplane
- Patent IT-1904-71869 (Applicant person: Enrico Forlanini, Filing date: 1904-04-11)
- Patent GB-1905-7603 (Applicant person: Enrico Forlanini, Filing date: 1905-04-10)
- Patent HU-1906-42383 (Applicant person: Enrico Forlanini, Filing date: 1906-07-28)
- Patent FR-1906-374126.7810 (Applicant person: Jules Collomb, Filing date: 1906-08-17)
- Patent GB-1907-17156 (Applicant person: Enrico Forlanini, Filing date: 1907-07-26)
- Patent FR-1907-381246 (Applicant person: William Henry Fauber, Filing date: 1907-08-24)
- Patent FR-1907-385107 (Applicant person: Paul-Emile Leuillieux • Benoni-Adolphe Fardel, Filing date: 1907-12-16)
- Patent FR-1907-385107.8657 (Applicant person: Paul-Emile Leuillieux • Benoni-Adolphe Fardel, Filing date: 1907-12-18)
- Patent FR-1908-386084 (Applicant person: William Henry Fauber, Filing date: 1908-01-10)
- Patent FR-1908-385107.9133 (Applicant person: Paul-Emile Leuillieux • Benoni-Adolphe Fardel, Filing date: 1908-02-01)
- Patent AT-1908-35698 (Applicant person: William Henry Fauber, Filing date: 1908-03-02)
- Patent IT-1908-99042 (Filing date: 1908-11-14)
- Patent FR-1908-396839 (Applicant person: René Arnoux, Filing date: 1908-11-27)
- Patent FR-1908-397368 (Applicant person: René Arnoux, Filing date: 1908-12-12)
- Patent GB-1909-12256 (Applicant person: Augustus Moore Herring, Filing date: 1909-05-24)
- Patent FR-1909-403429 (Applicant person: Augustus Moore Herring, Filing date: 1909-05-28)
- Patent FR-1909-404243 (Applicant person: François-Adolphe Fernez, Filing date: 1909-06-21)
- Patent FR-1909-403985.11168 (Applicant person: Gustave Plaisant, Filing date: 1909-06-26)
- Patent US-1914-1086199 (Applicant person: Ralph Mason Metcalf, Filing date: 1909-10-14)
- Patent US-1909-1010644 (Applicant person: Christopher John Lake, Filing date: 1909-12-20)
- Patent FR-1910-426487 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1910-05-04)
- Patent CH-1910-53003 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1910-07-27)
- Patent FR-1910-421674 (Applicant person: Francesco Filiasi, Filing date: 1910-10-21)
- Patent FR-1910-423113 (Applicant person: Max Heinrich Bauer, Filing date: 1910-11-28)
- Patent GB-1910-30111 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1910-12-28)
- Patent US-1911-1203550 (Applicant person: Glenn Hammond Curtiss, Applicant firm: Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor Corporation, Filing date: 1911-08-22)
- Patent FR-1912-439343 (Applicant person: Gustav Mees, Filing date: 1912-01-24)
- Patent FR-1912-450929 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1912-01-29)
- Patent BE-1912-02-27 Caudron (Applicant person: Gaston Caudron • René Caudron, Filing date: 1912-02-27)
- Patent FR-1912-434663.15762 (Applicant person: Paul Huguet, Filing date: 1912-04-12)
- Patent FR-1912-426487.17387 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1912-06-07)
- Patent FR-1912-456013 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1912-06-08)
- Patent FR-1912-443895.16045 (Applicant person: Jérôme Donnet • Henri Lévêque, Filing date: 1912-06-08)
- Patent GB-1912-29012.15938 (Applicant person: Charles Denniston Burney, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Filing date: 1912-07-08)
- Patent GB-1912-29012.15939 (Applicant person: Charles Denniston Burney, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Filing date: 1912-07-08)
- Patent BE-1912-09-07 Henri Fabre (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1912-09-07)
- Patent FR-1913-448556 (Applicant person: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Filing date: 1912-09-20)
- Patent FR-1912-448585 (Applicant person: Georges Desvignes • François-Victor Denhaut, Filing date: 1912-09-21)
- Patent DE-1912-285496 (Filing date: 1912-09-22)
- Patent FR-1912-446818.16606 (Applicant person: Clément Galvin, Filing date: 1912-10-14)
- Patent FR-1912-449592 (Applicant person: Luftschiffsantrieb Gesellschaft mit Beschränkter Haftung, Filing date: 1912-10-18)
- Patent US-1913-1057999 (Applicant person: Samuel H. Gilson, Filing date: 1912-10-23)
- Patent FR-1912-443895.16776 (Applicant person: Jérôme Donnet • Henri Lévêque, Filing date: 1912-10-29)
- Patent FR-1913-450486 (Applicant person: Adolphe Clément-Bayard, Filing date: 1912-11-12)
- Patent BE-1912-250872 (Applicant firm: Société Anonyme des Établissements Borel, Filing date: 1912-11-12)
- Patent US-1912-1073567 (Applicant person: Charles Denniston Burney, Filing date: 1912-12-14)
- Patent BE-1912-252093 (Applicant person: C. de Munck, Filing date: 1912-12-21)
- Patent FR-1913-464032 (Applicant person: François-Victor Denhaut, Filing date: 1913-01-04)
- Patent FR-1914-464461 (Applicant person: Camille Lacoste, Filing date: 1913-01-13)
- Patent BE-1913-252093.252780 (Applicant person: C. de Munck, Filing date: 1913-01-15)
- Patent FR-1913-454222 (Applicant person: Gaston Caudron • René Caudron, Filing date: 1913-02-11)
- Patent US-1913-1107260 (Applicant person: Charles Denniston Burney, Filing date: 1913-02-17)
- Patent GB-1913-4389 (Applicant person: Gaston Caudron • René Caudron, Filing date: 1913-02-20)
- Patent FR-1913-446818.17340 (Applicant person: Clément Galvin, Filing date: 1913-03-06)
- Patent GB-1914-6299 (Applicant person: Henri-Marie Coandă, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Filing date: 1913-03-14)
- Patent GB-1913-8594 (Applicant person: Christopher Henry Metcalfe Alderson Alderson, Filing date: 1913-04-11)
- Patent GB-1913-11676 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1913-05-20)
- Patent FR-1913-458282 (Applicant person: Gustav Mees, Filing date: 1913-05-23)
- Patent DE-1913-333438 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1913-05-25)
- Patent GB-1913-12371 (Applicant person: Gustav Mees, Filing date: 1913-05-27)
- Patent GB-1913-12372 (Applicant person: Gustav Mees, Filing date: 1913-05-27)
- Patent FR-1913-458807 (Applicant firm: Société des Avions Louis Bréguet, Filing date: 1913-06-03)
- Patent US-1913-1142754 (Applicant person: Glenn Hammond Curtiss, Filing date: 1913-06-04)
- Patent FR-1913-459413 (Applicant person: Christopher Henry Metcalfe Alderson Alderson, Filing date: 1913-06-18)
- Patent FR-1913-459438 (Applicant person: Joseph Escaffre, Filing date: 1913-06-19)
- Patent DE-1913-06-26 Franz Schneider (Applicant person: Franz Schneider, Filing date: 1913-06-26)
- Patent GB-1913-15018 (Applicant person: William Henry Nosworthy • Samuel James Prescott, Filing date: 1913-06-30)
- Patent FR-1913-460141 (Applicant person: Louis Blériot, Filing date: 1913-07-08)
- Patent GB-1913-16499 (Applicant person: George Sutherland Dodman, Filing date: 1913-07-18)
- Patent FR-1915-475447 (Applicant person: Giovanni, Applicant firm: IT, Filing date: 1913-07-21)
- Patent GB-1913-18476 (Applicant person: William Henry Nosworthy • Samuel James Prescott, Filing date: 1913-08-14)
- Patent FR-1913-462034 (Applicant person: Alexandre-Auguste Guillot, Filing date: 1913-08-30)
- Patent FR-1913-462164 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1913-09-03)
- Patent FR-1913-462243 (Applicant person: Wladimir Kourtschynski, Filing date: 1913-09-06)
- Patent GB-1913-20308 (Applicant person: Henri Fabre, Filing date: 1913-09-08)
- Patent US-1913-1170965 (Applicant person: Glenn Curtiss, Applicant firm: Curtiss Motor Company, Filing date: 1913-09-16)
- Patent FR-1913-474511 (Applicant firm: Alphonse Tellier et Cie, Filing date: 1913-12-04)
- Patent FR-1913-466439 (Applicant firm: J. Schweitzer et Cie, Filing date: 1913-12-20)
- Patent BE-1914-265110 (Applicant person: François-Victor Denhaut, Filing date: 1914-02-24)
- Patent BE-1914-265094 (Applicant person: P. Juvigny • Louis Lacoin, Filing date: 1914-02-24)
- Patent FR-1914-469830 (Applicant person: Henri-Marie Coandă, Filing date: 1914-03-14)
- Patent FR-1914-467422.19138 (Applicant person: Armand-Jean-Auguste Deperdussin, Filing date: 1914-04-08)
- Patent BE-1914-266517 (Applicant person: Christopher Henry Metcalfe Alderson Alderson, Filing date: 1914-04-08)
- Patent BE-1914-267037 (Applicant person: W. Kurtschynski, Filing date: 1914-04-27)
- Patent FR-1914-476606 (Applicant firm: Société des Bateaux Glisseurs de Lambert, Filing date: 1914-04-29)
- Patent GB-1914-14774 (Applicant person: Franz Schneider, Filing date: 1914-06-19)
- Patent FR-1914-475070 (Applicant person: Thomas Sloper, Filing date: 1914-07-11)
- Patent IT-1914-144686 (Applicant person: George Sutherland Dodman, Filing date: 1914-07-16)
- Patent BE-1914-269486 (Applicant firm: Société des Bateaux-Glisseurs de Lambert, Filing date: 1914-07-23)
- Patent FR-1914-476188 (Applicant person: Horace Leonard Short, Filing date: 1914-09-14)
- Patent FR-1914-476189 (Applicant person: Horace Leonard Short • Albert Eustace Short • Hugh Oswald Short, Filing date: 1914-09-15)
- Patent US-1915-1143894 (Applicant person: Bronislaw Drozinski, Filing date: 1915-02-23)
- Patent US-1915-1172196 (Applicant person: John H. Chapman, Applicant firm: Richardson Aeroplane Company, Filing date: 1915-03-30)
- Patent FR-1915-478417 (Applicant person: Thomas Sloper, Filing date: 1915-04-16)
- Patent AT-1915-79250 (Applicant firm: Jacob Lohner & Co., Filing date: 1915-07-21)
- Patent FR-1915-491223 (Applicant person: Jean-Marie-Stephén Graf, Filing date: 1915-07-30)
- Patent US-1915-1210374 (Applicant person: Glenn H. Curtiss, Filing date: 1915-10-18)
- Patent US-1915-1246016 (Applicant firm: Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Corporation, Filing date: 1915-12-06)
- Patent US-1915-1223319 (Applicant firm: Curtiss Aeroplane, Filing date: 1915-12-06)
- Patent FR-1916-493411 (Applicant firm: Alphonse Tellier et Cie, Filing date: 1916-06-13)
- Patent US-1916-1294389 (Applicant person: William Starling Burgess, Applicant firm: Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Corporation, Filing date: 1916-10-28)
- Patent GB-1916-102620 (Applicant firm: Curtiss Motor Company, Filing date: 1916-12-06)
- Patent GB-1917-126683 (Applicant person: Serge Vincent de Bolotoff, Filing date: 1917-02-09)
- Patent US-1917-1274767 (Applicant person: Joseph Petit, Filing date: 1917-07-17)