Aileron
An aileron is a flap attached to an airplane used for navigation and stability.
Invention and patents
Patent GB-1868-392 describes ailerons; perhaps their first use on a vessel was by Robert Esnault-Pelterie in 1904, and their first successful use by Alberto Santos-Dumont in 1906.[1][2]
The Wright Brothers controversially tried to claim they had patented ailerons with Patent US-1903-821393. Charles Harvard Gibbs-Smith wrote in 1956:[1]
The Boulton patent (No. 392 of 1868) was lost to view until the aileron was in general use. The fact that the Wrights' wing-warping patent was held later to cover ailerons does not alter the fact of a prior but lost invention. If the Boulton patent had been known in 1903 to 1906 it is doubtful whether the actions fought by the Wrights would have succeeded.
US patent category USPC 244/90 seems to have its earliest member (Patent US-1909-927605) in 1909 and its next ones in 1911.
Links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Charles Harvard Gibbs-Smith, "The First Aileron; Flight, Correspondence; 11 May 1956; p. 598.
- ↑ Gibbs-Smith, Aviation, 1970, p. 108.
This wiki has 76 patents in category "Aileron". Other techtypes related to Aileron: USPC 244/48, Wing warping
Patents in category Aileron
- Patent GB-1868-392 (English title: Improvements in Propulsion and in Aerial Locomotion, and in Apparatus connected therewith, Parts of which are applicable to Projectiles and to Boilers, Inventors: Matthew Piers Watt Boulton)
- Patent FR-1907-380492 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Henri Liurette, Filing date: 1907-01-12)
- Patent FR-1907-377174 (English title: Navigation system, Inventors: Louis Blériot, Filing date: 1907-04-26)
- Patent FR-1907-380098 (English title: Airship equilibrium system, Inventors: Louis Blériot, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-374494 • Patent FR-1907-377174, Filing date: 1907-07-20)
- Patent FR-1907-385305 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Antoine Bourdeloup, Filing date: 1907-12-09)
- Patent FR-1908-377174.8770 (English title: Steering system, Inventors: Louis Blériot, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-377174 • Patent FR-1907-377174.8323, Filing date: 1908-01-11)
- Patent US-1908-1122348 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright, Filing date: 1908-02-17, Applicant firm: Wright Company)
- Patent DE-1908-226074 (English title: Control means for airplanes and airships and the like, Inventors: Louis Blériot, Filing date: 1908-07-24)
- Patent US-1908-927605 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: John Seiler, Filing date: 1908-08-05)
- Patent GB-1908-17150 (English title: Bird-shaped Aeroplanes or Flying Machines, Inventors: José Weiss • Alexander Keith, Filing date: 1908-08-14)
- Patent FR-1908-394718 (English title: Automatic airplane stability by way of balanced surface differentials, Inventors: Jean-Gabriel-Joseph Meugniot • André-Charles-Marie Meugniot, Filing date: 1908-09-26)
- Patent FR-1908-397334 (English title: Device for transverse stabilization of airplanes, Inventors: Louis-Edmond Abric • Maxime-Ernest-Antoine Calas, Filing date: 1908-12-11)
- Patent FR-1909-399027 (English title: Controllably flexible airplane ailerons, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste-Eugène Gangler, Filing date: 1909-01-29)
- Patent FR-1909-380492.10440 (English title: Airplane suspension and chassis, Inventors: Henri Liurette, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-380492, Filing date: 1909-02-06)
- Patent AT-1910-47161 (English title: Wing surface with [shock-free entry?], Filing date: 1909-03-17, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H)
- Patent NZ-1909-25865 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Charles Arthur Beauchamp Pickard Hawkins • Bertram Ogilvie • Charles John Nairn, Filing date: 1909-04-26)
- Patent FR-1909-402649 (English title: Elaborately well-conceived biplane, twin-propped as well, and aerodynamically designed on the principle of three parabolic arcs, Inventors: Jules Raclot • Camille Enderlin, Filing date: 1909-05-03)
- Patent FR-1909-402807 (English title: Glider or airplane with wings fitted with ailerons, Inventors: Jean-Marie Vasserot, Filing date: 1909-05-07)
- Patent FR-1909-402807.11396 (English title: Glider or winged airplane with fins, Inventors: Jean-Marie Vasserot, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-402807, Filing date: 1909-06-18)
- Patent FR-1910-410067 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Oswald François Leopold Keun, Filing date: 1909-12-06)
- Patent FR-1910-403418.12160 (English title: Aviation apparatus in the shape of a paper arrow, Inventors: Eugène Neuville, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-403418, Filing date: 1910-02-02)
- Patent FR-1910-412557 (English title: Flying machines, Inventors: Newton Roberts Gordon, Supplementary to patent: Patent AU-1909-1372009, Filing date: 1910-02-12)
- Patent US-1914-1107231 (English title: Flying-Machine, Inventors: Albert Francis Zahm, Filing date: 1910-03-21)
- Patent FR-1910-426683 (English title: Airplane, particularly one taking aerodynamics and relative weight and position factors of component parts into consideration, Inventors: Raphael-Louis-Marie Bertin, Filing date: 1910-05-09)
- Patent FR-1910-416098 (English title: Automatic lift levers in hover and stability for all aircraft moving in the air, Inventors: Théophile Gauthier, Filing date: 1910-05-14)
- Patent FR-1910-417524 (English title: Device for the automatic control of elevators, ailerons and in general of all organs ensuring the stability of airplanes, Inventors: Armand-Jean-Auguste Deperdussin • Georges-Joseph de Feure • Louis Béchereau, Filing date: 1910-06-25)
- Patent FR-1911-428809 (English title: System for lateral stability and variation of sustaining power for airplanes, Inventors: Oswald François Leopold Keun, Filing date: 1910-06-29)
- Patent FR-1910-421027 (English title: System of stabilizers for aeroplanes, airships, etc., Inventors: Boleslas Bronislawski, Filing date: 1910-10-01)
- Patent FR-1910-421257 (English title: Automatic stabilizer apparatus for airplanes, Inventors: Jules Sandret, Filing date: 1910-10-08)
- Patent FR-1910-423459 (English title: Double-acting device automatically controlling either the warping, the ailerons or any other stabilizing device of the airplane, Inventors: Jean-Eugène Tachoires, Filing date: 1910-11-16)
- Patent AU-1910-20097 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: William Francis Wiles • Thomas Macleod • Frederick William Wiles, Filing date: 1910-12-01)
- Patent BE-1910-230987 (English title: Improvements brought to the organs of stability or for the direction of airplanes or related machines, Inventors: L. Gautheron, Filing date: 1910-12-06)
- Patent FR-1911-427668 (English title: Airplane with automatic stabilizers, Inventors: Émile-Antoine Corbillon, Filing date: 1911-01-17)
- Patent FR-1911-426724 (English title: Automatic stabilizer apparatus for all sorts of aerial machines, Inventors: Louis-Joseph Masclet • Roger Carré, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1910-03-04 Louis-Joseph Masclet and Roger Carré, Filing date: 1911-03-02)
- Patent GB-1911-11438 (English title: Airships, aeroplanes, and other flying machines, Inventors: Ambroise Goupy, Filing date: 1911-05-11)
- Patent FR-1911-429898 (English title: Airplane-parachute-stabilizer, Inventors: Henri Huet, Filing date: 1911-05-13)
- Patent FR-1911-431914 (English title: Stabilizer for aeroplanes, Inventors: Ernst Herman Andrae, Filing date: 1911-06-01)
- Patent US-1911-1011124 (English title: Flying-Machine, Inventors: Robert J. Haskell • James G. Haskell, Filing date: 1911-06-10)
- Patent FR-1911-430799.14482 (English title: Parachute for aviator, Inventors: Henry-Augustin Vassort, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1911-430799, Filing date: 1911-06-27)
- Patent FR-1909-404549.14525 (English title: Airplane with extensible ailerons and flexible tail, Inventors: Henri Blanc, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-404549, Filing date: 1911-07-06)
- Patent GB-1911-18730 (English title: Controlling plane for flying machines, Inventors: Algernon Fletcher, Filing date: 1911-08-19)
- Patent FR-1911-421027.14800 (English title: System of stabilizers for aeroplanes, airships, etc., Inventors: Boleslas Bronislawski, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-421027, Filing date: 1911-09-16)
- Patent GB-1911-21248 (English title: Improvements in Balancing Devices for Aeroplanes and the like, Inventors: Boleslas Bronislawski, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-421027, Filing date: 1911-09-26)
- Patent FR-1911-421257.14854 (English title: Automatic stabilizer apparatus for airplanes, Inventors: Jules Sandret, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-421257, Filing date: 1911-10-03)
- Patent FR-1912-435407 (English title: Improved airplane, Inventors: William Francis Wiles • Thomas Macleod • Frederick William Wiles, Supplementary to patent: Patent AU-1910-20097, Filing date: 1911-10-18)
- Patent FR-1911-438486 (English title: Improvements to airplanes and similar machines, Inventors: Jean-Gabriel-Joseph Meugniot • André-Charles-Marie Meugniot, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1910-230887, Filing date: 1911-11-30)
- Patent GB-1911-9866 (English title: Steering and Controlling Aeroplanes, Inventors: Louis Ambroise Goupy, Filing date: 1911-05-11)
- Patent US-1912-1098098 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: James V. Crowthers, Filing date: 1912-01-10)
- Patent NZ-1912-30924 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: George Brougham Hubert Austin, Supplementary to patent: Patent AU-1911-510, Filing date: 1912-02-22)
- Patent FR-1912-443060 (English title: Refinements to aeroplanes, Inventors: Léon Voisin, Filing date: 1912-04-26)
- Patent FR-1912-444960.16083 (English title: Device used to ensure the balance of airplanes, Inventors: Walter Borchardt • Marianne Burkhardt, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-444960, Filing date: 1912-06-17)
- Patent FR-1912-445789 (English title: Aeroplane, featuring a monoplane front pair of wings, a biplane middle, and a monoplane behind, Inventors: Léon Bénier, Filing date: 1912-07-05)
- Patent FR-1912-457441.17846 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, Inventors: Joseph Borel, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-457441, Filing date: 1912-10-01)
- Patent FR-1912-447873.16665 (English title: Automatic warping device for airplanes, Inventors: Gaston-Marie-Eugène Balignant, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-447873, Filing date: 1912-10-29)
- Patent US-1912-1153612 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: James Philip Erie, Filing date: 1915-02-23)
- Patent FR-1913-451312.18613 (English title: Method of stabilizing and steering airplanes flying slowly, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-451312, Filing date: 1913-12-15, Applicant firm: Ateliers d'aviation Louis Bréguet)
- Patent BE-1899-148401 (English title: Aerial propeller, that is, something which propulsions, with parallel (likely flapping) wings, Inventors: A.-N. Barnet, Filing date: 1899-02-22)
- Patent BE-1914-263938 (English title: Improvements to similar airplanes and machines, Inventors: J. Lonjon, Filing date: 1914-01-20)
- Patent BE-1914-267504 (English title: Automatic and progressive airplane stabilizer, Inventors: C. Durant • C.-O. Martin, Filing date: 1914-05-13)
- Patent US-1916-1210379 (English title: Aileron system, Inventors: Henry Kleckler, Filing date: 1915-01-28)
- Patent US-1917-1223017 (English title: Aileron, Inventors: Albert Francis Zahm, Filing date: 1915-09-18)
- Patent CA-1915-168327 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: James Philip Erie, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1912-1153612, Filing date: 1915-10-26)
- Patent IT-1915-151600 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: James Philip Erie, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1912-1153612, Filing date: 1915-12-02)
- Patent US-1916-1289206 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: George Lanzius, Filing date: 1916-01-21, Applicant firm: Lanzius Aircraft Co.)
- Patent US-1919-1326010 (English title: Aileron of Variable-Aspect Ratio, Inventors: Albert Francis Zahm, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1917-1223017, Filing date: 1916-04-28)
- Patent US-1916-1302947 (English title: Shock-absorbing rudder -or- Stabilizing and neutralizing device for aircraft, Inventors: James Vernon Martin, Filing date: 1916-12-01)
- Patent GB-1917-113153 (English title: Improvements in or connected with the Hinging of Ailerons, Balancing or Auxiliary Planes on Aeroplanes, Inventors: John Washington Wilson, Filing date: 1917-02-16)
- Patent FR-1917-524814 (English title: Apparatus of joint-cover for the articulations of airplane ailerons, Inventors: Gabriel Voisin, Filing date: 1917-04-05)
- Patent FR-1917-524816 (English title: Independently controlled airplane ailerons, Inventors: Gabriel Voisin, Filing date: 1917-05-14)
- Patent US-1920-1336977 (English title: Aeroplane control, Inventors: Frank L. Morse, Filing date: 1917-07-05)
- Patent US-1918-1423166 (English title: Transverse Axis Aileron, Inventors: John P. Tarbox, Filing date: 1918-06-20, Applicant firm: Tarbox Safety Aircraft Company)
- Patent US-1918-1423167 (English title: Vertical-Axis Aileron, Inventors: John P. Tarbox, Filing date: 1918-06-20, Applicant firm: Tarbox Safety Aircraft Company)
- Patent US-1918-1370242 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Benjamin Douglas Thomas, Filing date: 1918-10-05, Applicant firm: Thomas-Morse Aircraft Corporation)
- Patent FR-1918-500109 (English title: Improvements to aeroplanes, Inventors: Alfredo Guillermo Leigh, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1918-09-17 Alfredo Guillermo Leigh, Filing date: 1918-11-21)
- Patent GB-1918-126911 (English title: Improvements in Means for Actuating the Ailerons of Aeroplanes, Inventors: Paul de Lesseps, Filing date: 1918-12-05)
- Patent US-1924-1487598 (English title: Apparatus for increasing the range of speed, aerodynamic particularities of aeroplanes, Inventors: Pierre-Jean-René Postel-Vinay, Filing date: 1918-12-20, Applicant firm: Moteurs Salmson)
Publications referring to Aileron
- Publication B2p1405e10, 1910, Warping v. aileron (Simple title: Warping v. aileron, Journal: Flight)
- Paulhan, 1910, The Wrights' contentions groundless (Simple title: The Wrights' contentions groundless, Journal: Aircraft)
- Publication B2p0039e15, 1912, A new aileron equalizing means (Simple title: A new aileron equalizing means, Journal: Aeronautics)
- Shaffer, 1912, The Gage Biplane (Simple title: The Gage Biplane, Journal: Aeronautics (US))
- Still, 1915, Suggestions as to how the most efficient and safest aeroplane for transcontinental flight should be made (Simple title: Most efficient and safest aeroplane for transcontinental flight, Journal: Aeronautics (US))
- Les inspecteurs des finances : 1871-1919, Emmanuel Chadeau, (s.l.) : (s.é.), 1977, XV-112 p. Maîtrise : Histoire contemporaine : Lille 3 : 1977, sous la direction de M. Lévy-Leboyer. Bibliogr. p. VIII-IX (Simple title: The Financial Inspectors : 1871-1919)
- Louis Blériot, industriel français (1872-1936), Sylvie Picchi, Villeneuve d’Ascq : Dactylogramme, 1990, 178 p. DEA : Histoire contemporaine : Lille 3 : 1993, sous la direction de M. Chadeau. Bibliogr. p. 156-178. Index. (Simple title: Louis Blériot, French Industrialist (1872-1936))
Enclosing categories | Navigation, Stability |
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Subcategories | |
Keywords | USPC 244/90, Airfoil, Wing-warping |
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