Wing warping
Wing-twisting technique figuring into the Wright Brothers patent dispute. Patent GB-1904-6732, Patent US-1903-821393.
Katharine Wright to Alexander Ogilvie 27-Feb-1913 and plenty more letters.
Berriman, 1913, Some thoughts on stability and control discusses issues with stability when using wing warping to steer an airplane.
See: w:Wing warping, w:Wright brothers patent war
Enclosing categories | Navigation, Airfoil |
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Subcategories | |
Keywords | CPC B64C3/52, Aileron |
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Hallion, 2003, p. 290:
The Wright's patent problems started with the voluble if well-meaning Octave Chanute. In early 1903 Chanute described the wing-warping principle to the Aéro-Club de France, the key factor alerting French researchers to the importance of roll control. A year later Robert Esnault-Pelterie translated these vague ideas into rudimentary ailerons, which he and other pioneers (including Blériot and Levasseur) fitted to their aircraft before Wilbur Wright flew in Europe. Defendants seeking to circumvent the Wright's patents pointed to Chanute's talk, but also to earlier work by Goupil and Mouillard.
Comment: B64C3/52 seems to cover wing warping as described by the Wrights and others but doesn't include their patents. Reasons could have to do with politics, accidents of classification, or with a non-obvious nuance of the category itself. Notice that B64C3/52 is enclosed by CPC B64C3/44]], "camber"—i.e. a wing bending which might be a permanent feature.
This wiki has 98 patents in category "Wing warping". Other techtypes related to Wing warping: Cables, CH 129c, CH 79i, CPC B64C3/52, Flexibility, FR 5.3
Patents in category Wing warping
- Patent FR-1909-397199.11461 (English title: Airplane, the wing warping thereof, Inventors: Robert Nau, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-397199, Filing date: 1909-08-31)
- Patent GB-1897-13372 (English title: multiplane glider, Inventors: Octave Chanute, Filing date: 1897-05-31)
- Patent FR-1904-342188 (English title: Aeronautic machines, Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1903-821393, Filing date: 1904-03-22)
- Patent DE-1907-228604 (English title: Apparatus for warping the wings of airplanes, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-373763, Filing date: 1907-04-11)
- Patent DE-1907-216650 (English title: Monoplane with warpable wingpair, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-373818, Filing date: 1907-04-13)
- Patent FR-1907-384125 (English title: Aeronautic machines, Inventors: Wilbur Wright • Orville Wright, Filing date: 1907-11-18)
- Patent FR-1907-384124 (English title: Aeronautic machines, Inventors: Wilbur Wright • Orville Wright, Filing date: 1907-11-18)
- Patent FR-1908-373818.8769 (English title: Airplane wing warping and stability, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-373818, Filing date: 1908-01-10)
- Patent GB-1908-10528 (English title: automatic wing-warping, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-380681, Filing date: 1908-05-14)
- Patent FR-1908-373818.9591 (English title: Aeroplane hydropneumatic shock-absorbers along with more on wings and frame, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-373818, Filing date: 1908-05-25)
- Patent FR-1908-392672 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Filing date: 1908-07-16)
- Patent GB-1908-15637 (English title: Improvements in variably controlled monoplane wing warping having to do with lift per se, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1908-07-16)
- Patent FR-1908-397449 (English title: Automatic airplane stabilizer, Inventors: Louis Marmonier, Filing date: 1908-10-06)
- Patent US-1908-1015674 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Karl Ludwig Waldemar Geest, Filing date: 1908-10-22)
- Patent FR-1908-392672.10000 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1908-10-27)
- Patent GB-1908-24076 (English title: Flying Machines, Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1904-6732 • Patent FR-1907-384124, Filing date: 1908-11-10)
- Patent FR-1908-397675 (English title: Flexible airplane system with warpable wings and with with variable angle of inflight wind resistance "attack" all controlled by one lever, Inventors: Jules-Désiré Gaillard, Filing date: 1908-12-21)
- Patent DE-1908-222674 (English title: Airplane with warpable wing, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Filing date: 1908-12-24)
- Patent FR-1909-397675.10703 (English title: Flexible airplane system with warpable wings and with with variable angle of inflight wind resistance "attack" all controlled by one lever, Inventors: Jules-Désiré Gaillard, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-397675, Filing date: 1909-03-20)
- Patent GB-1909-8179 (English title: Sustaining Planes for Aeroplanes, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1908-05-09 Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H, Filing date: 1909-04-05, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H)
- Patent FR-1909-397675.11096 (English title: Flexible airplane system with warpable wings and with with variable angle of inflight wind resistance "attack" all controlled by one lever, Inventors: Jules-Désiré Gaillard, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-397675 • Patent FR-1909-397675.10703, Filing date: 1909-04-19)
- Patent FR-1909-392672.10853 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1909-04-20)
- Patent FR-1909-392672.10957 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1909-05-06)
- Patent FR-1909-392672.11077 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1909-06-01)
- Patent FR-1909-392672.11199 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1909-07-02)
- Patent DE-1909-244636 (English title: Device for warping airplane wings, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1907-228604 • Patent FR-1909-392672.11199 • Patent FR-1908-392672 • Patent FR-1907-373763, Filing date: 1909-07-10)
- Patent US-1909-1024929 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Filing date: 1909-07-14)
- Patent FR-1909-392672.11397 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1909-07-16)
- Patent FR-1909-405602 (English title: Biplane airplane system having the appearance of the monoplane, Inventors: Armand-Alvarez Penteado, Filing date: 1909-07-30)
- Patent FR-1910-405849 (English title: Improved wing structure, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Filing date: 1909-08-09)
- Patent FR-1909-392672.11399 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1909-08-11)
- Patent FR-1909-405849.11380 (English title: Improved wing structure, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-405849, Filing date: 1909-08-17)
- Patent FR-1909-417668 (English title: Deformable ''[[nervure]]'' applicable, among other objects, to the construction of surfaces (such, for example as sustaining surfaces for aerial navigation) and, in particular, to warpable surfaces or elementary propulsive surfaces, and therefore to the construction of propellers, and, in particular, Inventors: Paul Zens, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1909-218585, Filing date: 1909-09-06)
- Patent RU-1909-40705 (English title: Device for helicoidal deformation of airplane wings, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-07-01 Société Antoinette, Filing date: 1909-09-22, Applicant firm: Société Antoinette • Обществу Антуанетъ)
- Patent FR-1909-418560 (English title: Method and device for making it possible to modify the curvature of active surfaces, such as for example airfoils, of airplanes and the like during the journey, Inventors: Louis Blériot, Filing date: 1909-09-30)
- Patent FR-1910-412049 (English title: Airplane wing control, Inventors: Raymond Saulnier, Filing date: 1910-01-29)
- Patent GB-1910-6359 (English title: Warping and feathering aeroplane wings, Inventors: Helmuth Paul Martin • George Harris Handasyde, Filing date: 1910-03-14)
- Patent FR-1910-414004 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Jacques-Jules Sloan, Filing date: 1910-03-24)
- Patent CA-1910-160815 (English title: Aeroplane (with the overall design well-considered though with automatic stability being a particular focus), Inventors: Sam Leonard Walkden, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1910-6051 • Patent GB-1909-8531, Filing date: 1910-03-29)
- Patent NZ-1910-27491 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Kenneth McKenzie Fraser, Filing date: 1910-03-31)
- Patent GB-1910-9495 (English title: Improvements in Aeroplanes, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-392672.10853, Filing date: 1910-04-19)
- Patent FR-1910-426683 (English title: Airplane, particularly one taking aerodynamics and relative weight and position factors of component parts into consideration, Inventors: Raphael-Louis-Marie Bertin, Filing date: 1910-05-09)
- Patent CH-1910-52353 (English title: Airplane wing-warping apparatus, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-07-01 Société Antoinette, Filing date: 1910-06-17, Applicant firm: Société Antoinette)
- Patent GB-1910-14760 (English title: Improvements relating to the control of aeroplanes (by way of helicoidal wing warping), Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-07-01 Société Antoinette, Filing date: 1910-06-18, Applicant firm: Société Antoinette)
- Patent FR-1910-417325 (English title: Shock absorber for airplanes, Inventors: Jacques-Jules Sloan, Filing date: 1910-06-21)
- Patent ES-1910-48286 (English title: A device for helizoidal deformation of airplane wings, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-07-01 Société Antoinette, Filing date: 1910-06-23, Applicant firm: Société Antoinette)
- Patent US-1910-1006106 (English title: Device for producing the helicoidal deformation of the planes of aeroplanes, Inventors: Léon-Marie-Joseph-Clément Levavasseur, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-07-01 Société Antoinette, Filing date: 1910-06-24, Applicant firm: Société Antoinette)
- Patent HU-1910-56472 (English title: Equipment for distorting aeroplanes' support staggers into screws, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-07-01 Société Antoinette, Filing date: 1910-06-27, Applicant firm: Société Antoinette)
- Patent FR-1910-392672.12882 (English title: Warping airplane wings of variable-controllable lift power, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1908-392672, Filing date: 1910-07-07)
- Patent GB-1910-19550 (English title: Supporting or Steering Surfaces, as well as for Screw Propellers of Aeroplanes, Kites and Air Ships, Inventors: Paul Zens, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1909-218585, Filing date: 1910-08-20)
- Patent FR-1910-420752 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Hervé-Pierre Félix, Filing date: 1910-09-24)
- Patent FR-1910-423459 (English title: Double-acting device automatically controlling either the warping, the ailerons or any other stabilizing device of the airplane, Inventors: Jean-Eugène Tachoires, Filing date: 1910-11-16)
- Patent RU-1910-23011 (English title: System for airplane wing warping, Inventors: А. Кунаев • A. Kunaev, Filing date: 1910-12-24)
- Patent FR-1911-425263 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Giovanni Burba, Filing date: 1911-01-26)
- Patent FR-1911-426811 (English title: Monoplane, Inventors: Alphonse Perrier, Filing date: 1911-02-15)
- Patent US-1911-1282494 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Robert M. Thompson, Filing date: 1911-02-23)
- Patent FR-1911-426850 (English title: Safety wire hook for aviation, marine, etc., Inventors: Dane Hurlburt, Filing date: 1911-03-04)
- Patent GB-1911-7303 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, Inventors: Jacques-Jules Sloan, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-414004, Filing date: 1911-03-23)
- Patent FR-1911-420958.14200 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Dane Hurlburt, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-420958, Filing date: 1911-05-04)
- Patent CH-1911-57092 (English title: Eyelet, Inventors: Dane Hurlburt, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1911-426850, Filing date: 1911-07-11)
- Patent FR-1911-434401 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, actually improvements applicable to the helicopter-hybrid described in an earlier patent, Inventors: Joseph Boisseau, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-429307, Filing date: 1911-08-30)
- Patent FR-1911-436759 (English title: Automatic wing warping, Inventors: Andre-Alcide Bilard, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1909-09-05 Andre-Alcide Bilard, Filing date: 1911-10-24)
- Patent FR-1911-448536 (English title: Tensioner, Inventors: Dane Hurlburt, Filing date: 1911-11-28)
- Patent FR-1911-448574 (English title: Improvements in the stabilization of airplanes, Inventors: Paul Avezou, Filing date: 1911-11-29)
- Patent FR-1911-421136.15166 (English title: Monoplane, Inventors: Maurice-Émile Primard, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-421136, Filing date: 1911-12-14)
- Patent FR-1911-407712.15264 (English title: Airplane system, Inventors: Jean-Pierre Tihon, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-407712, Filing date: 1911-12-30)
- Patent BE-1912-250622 (English title: Airplane control, Inventors: Louis Bastier)
- Patent FR-1912-440149 (English title: Construction of warping wing surfaces for airplanes and the like, as well as means for controlling the warping of these surfaces, Inventors: Charles de Coster, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1911-Coster-warping, Filing date: 1911-02-14)
- Patent FR-1912-439051 (English title: Automatic stability and wing warping apparatus with air vents for all flying machines, Inventors: Eugène Gaillard, Filing date: 1912-01-13)
- Patent FR-1912-446282.16689 (English title: Automatic airplane longitudinal stability system, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1911-446282, Filing date: 1912-01-15)
- Patent DE-1912-271830 (English title: Biplane with twistable airfoil, Inventors: Charles de Coster, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1911-Coster-warping, Filing date: 1912-02-18)
- Patent FR-1912-441069 (English title: Airplane steering apparatus, Inventors: Aéroplanes Morane-Saulnier, Filing date: 1912-03-07, Applicant firm: Aéroplanes Morane-Saulnier)
- Patent FR-1912-448574.17239 (English title: Improvements in the stability of airplanes, Inventors: Paul Avezou, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1911-448574, Filing date: 1912-05-07)
- Patent GB-1912-11905 (English title: Controls for Aeroplanes, Inventors: Lewis Hector Ray, Filing date: 1912-05-20)
- Patent FR-1912-444339 (English title: Monoplane, collapsible, with automatic and instantaneous protection, laterally and longitudinally, Inventors: Victor-Alexis Lacaze, Filing date: 1912-05-29)
- Gebrauchsmuster DE-1912-554993 (English title: Apparatus for adjusting wing-tips in either the same or opposed orientation, Filing date: 1912-06-21, Applicant firm: Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke G. m. b. H.)
- Patent GB-1912-29012.15938 (English title: Improved Means for use in Warping the Supporting Planes or Wings of Aeronautical Apparatus, Inventors: Charles Denniston Burney, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1911-29012, Filing date: 1912-07-08, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co.)
- Patent FR-1912-447873 (English title: Automatic warping device for airplanes, Inventors: Gaston-Marie-Eugène Balignant, Filing date: 1912-09-02)
- Patent GB-1912-21001 (English title: Airplane stabilizer, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-446282.16689 • Patent FR-1911-446282 • Patent GB-1912-20927, Filing date: 1912-09-14)
- Patent FR-1912-450263 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, Inventors: Joseph Escaffre • Paul Holman, Filing date: 1912-10-17)
- Patent FR-1912-447873.16665 (English title: Automatic warping device for airplanes, Inventors: Gaston-Marie-Eugène Balignant, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-447873, Filing date: 1912-10-29)
- Patent FR-1912-450332 (English title: Wings transforming into stabilizer with warping device called "mixed winch" for airplanes, Inventors: Léon Lambert, Filing date: 1912-11-08)
- Patent US-1913-1071140 (English title: Aeronautical Apparatus, actually quite specifically a hydroaeroplane, Inventors: Charles Denniston Burney, Filing date: 1913-01-25)
- Patent FR-1913-453644 (English title: Improvements in hydroaeroplanes, Inventors: Charles Denniston Burney, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-452017 • Patent FR-1913-452017.17070 • Patent GB-1912-29012.15939 • Patent GB-1911-29012, Filing date: 1913-01-27, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co.)
- Patent US-1913-1096130 (English title: Aerial Navigation, Inventors: Matthew B. Sellers, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1909-997860, Filing date: 1913-02-19)
- Patent GB-1913-20891 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Aeroplane Wing Structures, Inventors: Frederick Michael Green, Filing date: 1913-09-16)
- Patent GB-1913-25193 (English title: Control Levers and Controlling Mechanism for Aeroplanes, Inventors: Bernard de Beer, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-450422, Filing date: 1913-11-04)
- Patent US-1913-1126179 (English title: Control-lever and controlling mechanism for aeroplanes, Inventors: Bernard de Beer, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-450422, Filing date: 1913-11-06)
- Patent FR-1913-465032 (English title: Deformable wing surfaces for airplanes and analaogous machines, Inventors: Paul Zens, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1912-11-18 Paul Zens, Filing date: 1913-11-18)
- Patent FR-1913-473934.19539 (English title: Airplane with automatic longitudinal equilibrium, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1913-473934, Filing date: 1913-11-27)
- Patent BE-1914-264313 (English title: Process for varying the speed of airplanes to change the curvatures of the wings, Inventors: C.-R. Pollak, Filing date: 1914-01-30)
- Patent BE-1914-266445 (English title: Automatic stability apparatus for airplanes, etc., being at the same time a rudder combining controls for wing-warping, steering and elevation (pointedly applicable to helicopters as well), Inventors: Joseph de Pierpont de Burnot, Filing date: 1914-04-01)
- Patent IT-1915-148941 (English title: Wing warping mechanism, Inventors: Guido Antoni • Ugo Antoni, Filing date: 1915-05-12)
- Patent FR-1916-491808 (English title: Arrangement of airplane wing warping, Inventors: Guido Antoni • Ugo Antoni, Supplementary to patent: Patent IT-1915-148941, Filing date: 1916-04-21)
- Patent US-1916-1283448 (English title: Warping of airplane wings, Inventors: Guido Antoni • Ugo Antoni, Supplementary to patent: Patent IT-1915-148941, Filing date: 1916-05-06)
- Patent GB-1916-100455 (English title: Improvements in or relating to airplane wing construction and design, Inventors: Guido Antoni • Ugo Antoni, Supplementary to patent: Patent IT-1915-148941, Filing date: 1916-05-11)
- Patent US-1916-1225711 (English title: Plane and the like for aeroplanes, Inventors: Alexander Albert Holle, Filing date: 1916-12-22)
- Patent US-1917-1336977 (English title: Aeroplane control, Inventors: Frank L. Morse, Filing date: 1917-07-05)
Publications referring to Wing warping
- Dienstbach, 1908, The Perfect Flying Machine (Simple title: The Perfect Flying Machine, Journal: American Aeronaut)
- Publication 558, 1908, American aeronaut's disclosure of Wright Brothers' secret (Simple title: American aeronaut's disclosure of Wright Brothers' secret, Journal: American Aeronaut)
- Wrights, 1908, The Wright Brothers' aeroplane (Simple title: The Wright Brothers' aeroplane, Journal: Century Mag.)
- Sorenson, 1909, Gliding from a hot air balloon (Simple title: Gliding from a hot air balloon, Journal: Aeronautics)
- Young, 1910, Banking (Simple title: Banking, Journal: Aircraft)
- Flight, 1912, Is the Wright patent antedated? (Simple title: Is the Wright patent antedated?, Journal: Flight)
- Jungdahl, 2013, Public influence on the proliferation of military aviation 1907–1912 (Simple title: Public Influence on the Proliferation of Military Aviation 1907-1912, Journal: Air Power History)