Hugo Hergesell
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Hugo Hergesell (1859–1938) was director of the Strassburg meteorological observatory (Kaiserlich Meteorologische Landesanstalt) and president of the International Commission for Scientific Aeronautics. He directed the Prussian Aeronautical Observatory and in the war worked for the National Weather Service. He received financial backing from Count Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin and the Prince of Monaco as well as the Emperor of Germany.[1]
He used kites and captive balloons to measure the atmosphere at different altitudes. Major experiments were conducted at Lake Constance in 1900 and over the Mediterranean in 1904.[2]
Before the war, Hergesell was pursuing an arctic exploration mission with von Zeppelin. The two traveled to Spitzbergen (Svalbard archipelago) in 1910, along with Prince Heinrich, the emperor's brother, and a team of other scientists. On 3 August 1910, Hergesell and Zeppelin reached the northernmost point of their journey, ascended to 1000m in a captive balloon, and took measurements of atmospheric temperature, humidity, and pressure. Smaller balloons were deployed to altitudes up to 15,000 meters.[3] These balloons confirmed the existence of an isothermal layer of atmosphere at -60°C starting at about 10,000 meters (and increasing to -54°C by 12,000 meters).[4] Plans for arctic exploration were described in a subsequent book, "With Zeppelin to Spitzbergen" (Mit Zeppelin nach Spitsbergen).[5]
Publications by or about Hugo Hergesell or H. Hergesell or Hergesell
- Publication 6391, The international commission for scientific aeronautics. Pres.: Professor Hergesell of Strassburg (Simple title: The international commission for scientific aeronautics)
- Beiträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre (Simple title: Beiträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre, Journal: Beiträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre)
- Hergesell, 1896, Die wissenschaftliche Luftschiffahrt auf der internationalen Meteorologenconferenz in Paris (Simple title: Scientific Aerial Navigation at the International Conference of Meteorologists in Paris, Journal: Zeitschr. Luftsch.)
- Hergesell, 1897, Der Flug der Registrirballons (Simple title: The flight of the registrar balloons, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1898, Zur Geschichte der internationalen Ballonfahrten (Simple title: The history of international balloon rides, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1898, Die barometrische Höhenformel in ihrer Anwendung auf Ballonbeobachtungen (Simple title: The barometric height formula in its application to balloon observations, Journal: Protok. Erste Vers. Int. Aër. Comm.)
- Hergesell, 1898, Beschreibung zweier empfindlichen Thermometer (Simple title: Description of two sensitive thermometers, Journal: Protok. Erste Vers. Int. Aër. Comm.)
- Hergesell, 1898, Entgegnung beziehungsweise Schlusswort (Simple title: Resounding or closing words, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1898, Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Verhalten von Thermometern, insbesondere solchen, die schnell wechselnden Temperaturen ausgesetzt sind (Simple title: Theoretical and experimental studies on the behavior of thermometers, in particular those exposed to rapidly changing temperatures, Journal: Protok. Erste Vers. Int. Aër. Comm.)
- Hergesell, 1898, Neue Drachen-Versuche auf dem Blue Hill Observatorium (Simple title: New kite trials at the Blue Hill Observatory, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1899, Die Vertikalbewegungen eines Freiballons (Simple title: The vertical movements of a free balloon, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1899, Travaux de la commission aéronautique internationale, jusqu'en mars 1899 (Simple title: Work of the International Aeronautical Commission, until March 1899)
- Hergesell, 1900, Ergebnisse der internationalen Ballonfahrten (Simple title: Results of international balloon rides, Journal: Meteor. Zeitschr.)
- Hergesell, 1900, Ein neuer Abwurfhaken für Registrirballons (Simple title: A new drop hook for registrar balloons, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1900, Ergebnisse der internationalen Ballonfahrten. Theil II-IV (Simple title: Results of international balloon rides. Part II-IV, Journal: Meteor. Zeitschr.)
- Hergesell, 1900, Arbeiten der internationalen aëronautischen commission bis März 1899 Rapport du comité météorologique international (Simple title: Works of the international aeronautical commission until March 1899 Rapport du comité météorologique international, Journal: Reunion de St. Pétersbourg)
- Hergesell, 1900, Die Temperatur der Freien Atmosphäre (Simple title: The temperature of the free atmosphere, Journal: Petermann's Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1901, Vorlaufige Mittheilung über die internationalen Ballonfahrten am 19 April und 14 Mai 1901 (Simple title: Preliminary report on the international balloon rides on 19 April and 14 May 1901, Journal: Meteor. Zeitschr.)
- Hergesell, 1901, Meteorologische Zusammenstellungen von internationalen Ballonfahrten (Simple title: Meteorological compilations of international balloon rides, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1901, Drachenaufstiege auf einer Bergstation (Simple title: Kite climbs on a mountain station, Journal: Meteor. Zeitschr.)
- Hergesell, 1901, Die Berliner wissenschaftlichen Luftfahrten (Simple title: The Berlin scientific aviation, Journal: Meteor. Zeitschr.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Ueber sehr empfindliche Thermographen (Simple title: About very sensitive thermographs, Journal: Dritte Vers. Int. Komm. Wiss. Luftsch.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Internationalle Aëronautische Commission (1) (Simple title: International Aeronautical Commission (1), Journal: Wien. Luftsch. Zeit.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Internationale Aëronautische Kommission (2) (Simple title: International Aeronautical Commission (2), Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Vorläufige Berichte über die internationalen Ballonfahrten am 5 Sept., 3 Okt., 7 Nov., 5 Dez. 1901 (Simple title: Preliminary Reports on International Hot Air Balloon Rides on 5 Sept., 3 Oct., 7 Nov., 5 Dec. 1901, Journal: Meteor. Zeitschr.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Vorläufiger Bericht über die internationale Ballonfahrt vom 6 Februar 1902 (Simple title: Preliminary report on the international balloon flight of 6 February 1902, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Internationale Aëronautische Kommission (3) (Simple title: International Aeronautical Commission (3), Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Vorläufiger Bericht über die internationalen Ballonfahrten am 9 Januar und am 6 Februar 1902 (Simple title: Preliminary Report on International Balloon Rides on 9 January and 6 February 1902, Journal: Meteor. Zeitschr.)
- Hergesell, 1902, Kurzer Bericht über wissenschaftliche Auffahrten der internationalen aëronautischen Commission (Simple title: Short Report on Scientific Drives of the International Aeronautical Commission, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Publication 6379, 1902, International Aeronautical Congress at Berlin (Simple title: International Aeronautical Congress at Berlin, Journal: Aer. World)
- Hergesell, 1903, Internationale Kommission für wissenschaftliche Luftschiffahrt (1) (Simple title: International Commission for Scientific Air Navigation, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1903, Ueber das Aufsteigen von geschlossenen Gummiballons (Simple title: About the rising of closed rubber balloons, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1903, Vorläufiger Bericht über die internationale Ballonfahrt vom 4 Septembre 1902 (Simple title: Preliminary report on the international balloon flight from 4 September 1902, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1903, Internationale Kommission für wissenschaftliche Luftschiffahrt (2) (Simple title: International Commission for Scientific Air Navigation, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1903, Gummiballons (Simple title: rubber balloons, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1904, Ueber den Luftwiderstand welchen bewegte Kugeln erfahren (Simple title: About the air resistance experienced by moving balls, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell, 1905, Sur les ascensions de cerfs-volants exécutées sur la Méditerranée et sur l'Ocèan Atlantique à bord du yacht de S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco en 1904 (Simple title: On kite flying on the Mediterranean Sea and on the Atlantic Oceans aboard the yacht of St. Augustine Prince of Monaco in 1904)
- Hergesell, 1905, Les ballons-sondes en haute mer (Simple title: Deep sea balloon probes, Journal: L'Aérophile)
- Hergesell, 1905, The work of the international commission for scientific aëronautics (Simple title: The work of the international commission for scientific aëronautics, Journal: Aër. Journ.)
- Hergesell, 1905, Drachenaufstiege auf dem Mittelmeer und dem atlantischen Ozean an Bord der Yacht Seiner Hoheit des Fürsten v. Monaco, im Jahre 1904 (Simple title: Kite ascents on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean aboard the yacht of His Highness the Prince Monaco, in 1904, Journal: Proc. Ver. Séances et Mém. Quatr. Conf. Comm. Int. Aér. Scien.)
- Publication 10039, 1905, Quatrième conférence de la commission internationale pour l'aérostation scientifique près l'Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 29 août--3 septembre 1904. Procès-verbaux des séances et mémoires (Simple title: Fourth Conference of the International Commission for Scientific Aerostation at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 29 August - 3 September 1904. Minutes of Sittings and Briefs)
- Assmann; Hergesell, 1905, Beiträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre (Simple title: Contributions to the physics of the free atmosphere)
- Hergesell, 1906, Die Beteiligung unserer Marine an der Erforschung der Atmosphäre über den Ozeanen (Simple title: The involvement of our Navy in the study of the atmosphere over the oceans, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Hergesell and Kehler, 1906, Die Aufstiege des Luftschiffes S. E. d. Grafen v. Zeppelin am 9 und 10 Oktober 1906 (Simple title: The ascents of the airship S. E. d. Count v. Zeppelin on 9 and 10 October 1906, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Assmann and Hergesell, 1906, Belträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre (Simple title: Documents on the physics of the free atmosphere, Journal: Belträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre)
- Chronology of Principal Sevents, September 1907 (Simple title: Chronology of principal events, Journal: Amer. Mag. Aeronautics)
- Hergesell, 1907, Die Erforschung der freien Atmosphäre über dem Polarmeer (Simple title: The exploration of the free atmosphere over the polar sea, Journal: Proc. Ver. Séances et Mém. Cinq. Conf. Comm. Int. Aér. Scien.)
- Hergesell, 1907, L'exploration des hautes régions de l'atmosphère en 1907 (Simple title: The exploration of the high regions of the atmosphere in 1907, Journal: L'Aérophile)
- Linke, 1907, Meteorologische Drachenaufstiege in Samoa (Simple title: Meteorological kite climbs in Samoa, Journal: Ill. Aër. Mitt.)
- Publication 3347, 1908, La Découverte du 'Hergesell' (Simple title: The discovery of 'Hergesell', Journal: La Conq. l'Air)
- Publication 3734, 1908, Die drachenstation (Die) am Bodensee (Simple title: The kite station on Lake Constance, Journal: Wien. Luftsch. Zeit.)
- Kleinschmidt, 1908, The kite station on Lake Constance (Simple title: The kite station on Lake Constance, Journal: Month. Weath. Rev.)
- Hergesell, 1909, Participation of various countries in the work of investigating the upper air from January to the beginning of July 1908 (Simple title: Participation of various countries in the work of investigating the upper air from January to the beginning of July 1908, Journal: Nature)
- Hergesell, 1909, Internationale Kommission für wissenschaftliche Luftschiffahrt (Simple title: International Commission for Scientific Aviation, Journal: Wien. Luftsch. Zeit.)
- Ventou-Duclaux and Robert, 1911, Bases et méthodes d'études aéronautiques (Simple title: Bases et méthodes d'études aérontechniques)
Hugo Hergesell (or H. Hergesell or Hergesell) participated in these events:
- 1900 International Meteorological Congress (Start date: 1900-09-10, Locations: Paris, Country: FR, Tech focus: Meteo • LTA • Kite)
- International Aeronautical Conference at Berlin (Start date: 1902-05-20, Locations: Berlin, Country: DE, Tech focus: Meteo • LTA • Kite • Instrument • Military • Ballon-sonde)
- Saint Petersburg Conference on the Exploration of the Atmosphere (Start date: 1904-08-29, Locations: Saint Petersburg, Country: RU, Tech focus: Meteo • LTA • Kite • Instrument • Military)
- 1905 International Meteorological Conference (Start date: 1905-09-09, Locations: Innsbruck, Country: AT, Tech focus: Meteo • Instrument • Barometer • Ballon-sonde • Kite)
References
- ↑ Willi Hager, Hydraulicians in Europe 1800-2000, Volume 2; CRC Press, 2009; p. 1086.
- ↑ Hans Fabian, "Aeronautical Research Comes Into Being During the Time of the Empire", in Aeronautical Research in Germany: From Lilienthal until Today, ed. Ernst Heinrich Hirschel, Horst Prem, & Gero Madelung; Springer, 2012; p. 37.
- ↑ Michael Belafi, The Zeppelin; Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2015; p. 106.
- ↑ Nathan Haskell Dole, America in Spitsbergen: Romance of an Arctic Coal Mine; Boston: Marshall Jones Company, 1922; p. 146.
- ↑ Guillaume de Syon, Zeppelin!: Germany and the Airship, 1900–1939; Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002; p. 151.
