Difference between revisions of "Spain"

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(Sáiz's overall finding regarding Spanish patents 1826–1878)
(tentative restructuring and overview of Barcelona aero scene)
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The Spanish patent office at the time of early aviation was Dirección Especial de Patentes, Marcas e Industria (1887–1992) and the current one is la [[Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas]].
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The Spanish patent office at the time of early aviation was Dirección Especial de Patentes, Marcas e Industria (1887–1992) and the current one is la [[Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas]].  
  
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(Patents were available in Spain before this time. [[Urling, 1845]] (p. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnqurf;view=1up;seq=308 272]) records that foreigners could apply for patents of 5, 10, or 15 years, but would need to put their invention into use within one year of the patent, or else it would be nullified.)
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'''ES''' is an abbreviation in this wiki referring to Spain.
  
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From 1896 the Spanish military service for aeronautics was the [[Servicio Militar de Aerostación]]; the [[Servicio de Aeronáutica Militar]], responsible for airplanes, was created in 1913. [[Pere Vives Vich]] was a dominant figure in both. [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo]] was a key Spanish inventor who also built an early balloon for the Servicio Militar de Aerostación.
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Barcelona had a particularly active aeronautic scene, with the [[Asociación de Locomoción Aérea]] and ''[[Revista de Locomoción Aérea]]'' beginning in 1908–9. It was also the home of [[Hispano-Suiza]] engine makers and the site of aero promotional events including the [[Barcelona exhibition]] and [[1910 Mamet flight in Barcelona]]. The city's proximity to France may relate to its relative prominence; for instance, both French and Spanish advertisements can be found in the ''Revista de Locomoción Aérea''.
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=== Patents ===
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OEPM and espacenet are currently our main sources for Spanish patents. There is not always a great deal of information available. Espacenet ''searches'' (as opposed to entries) give a "Priority date" as well as a main date listed under "Publication info" in the search. The former is probably the filing date, whereas the latter is probably the date granted or published.
  
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'''ES''' is an abbreviation in this wiki referring to Spain.
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Patents were available in Spain before 1887. [[Urling, 1845]] (p. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnqurf;view=1up;seq=308 272]) records that foreigners could apply for patents of 5, 10, or 15 years, but would need to put their invention into use within one year of the patent, or else it would be nullified.
  
 
Patricio Sáiz is a key expert on 19th century Spanish patents, and wrote an article on the aeronautical ones:  [[Sáiz González, 1995, Aeronáutica e invención en la España del siglo XIX|"Aeronáutica e invención en la España del siglo XIX"]]. In this article Sáiz gives an inventory of the 15 patents filed in Spain in the period 1826–1878 which concern dirigible balloons (0.27% of  5134 filed) and notes that in contrast to the subsequent work of Torres, none of these designs was realized. See also Sáiz (2014).<ref>
 
Patricio Sáiz is a key expert on 19th century Spanish patents, and wrote an article on the aeronautical ones:  [[Sáiz González, 1995, Aeronáutica e invención en la España del siglo XIX|"Aeronáutica e invención en la España del siglo XIX"]]. In this article Sáiz gives an inventory of the 15 patents filed in Spain in the period 1826–1878 which concern dirigible balloons (0.27% of  5134 filed) and notes that in contrast to the subsequent work of Torres, none of these designs was realized. See also Sáiz (2014).<ref>
 
Patricio Sáiz. 2014. Did patents of introduction encourage technology transfer? Long-term evidence from the Spanish innovation system. ''Cliometrica''.  January 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,  pp. 49–78.  [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11698-013-0094-2 Published abstract].  Near-publication version of paper: http://www.ibcnetwork.org/gestion/uploads/publications/publication_99/Saiz_PatentsIntroduction_Cliometrica_2014[AcceptedManuscript].pdf</ref>
 
Patricio Sáiz. 2014. Did patents of introduction encourage technology transfer? Long-term evidence from the Spanish innovation system. ''Cliometrica''.  January 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,  pp. 49–78.  [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11698-013-0094-2 Published abstract].  Near-publication version of paper: http://www.ibcnetwork.org/gestion/uploads/publications/publication_99/Saiz_PatentsIntroduction_Cliometrica_2014[AcceptedManuscript].pdf</ref>
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=== Military ===
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From 1896 the Spanish military service for aeronautics was the [[Servicio Militar de Aerostación]]; the [[Servicio de Aeronáutica Militar]], responsible for airplanes, was created in 1913. [[Pere Vives Vich]] was a dominant figure in both. [[Leonardo Torres Quevedo]] was a key Spanish inventor who also built an early balloon for the Servicio Militar de Aerostación.
  
 
{{References}}
 
{{References}}

Revision as of 09:25, 22 December 2020

The Spanish patent office at the time of early aviation was Dirección Especial de Patentes, Marcas e Industria (1887–1992) and the current one is la Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas.

ES is an abbreviation in this wiki referring to Spain.

Barcelona had a particularly active aeronautic scene, with the Asociación de Locomoción Aérea and Revista de Locomoción Aérea beginning in 1908–9. It was also the home of Hispano-Suiza engine makers and the site of aero promotional events including the Barcelona exhibition and 1910 Mamet flight in Barcelona. The city's proximity to France may relate to its relative prominence; for instance, both French and Spanish advertisements can be found in the Revista de Locomoción Aérea.

Patents

OEPM and espacenet are currently our main sources for Spanish patents. There is not always a great deal of information available. Espacenet searches (as opposed to entries) give a "Priority date" as well as a main date listed under "Publication info" in the search. The former is probably the filing date, whereas the latter is probably the date granted or published.

Patents were available in Spain before 1887. Urling, 1845 (p. 272) records that foreigners could apply for patents of 5, 10, or 15 years, but would need to put their invention into use within one year of the patent, or else it would be nullified.

Patricio Sáiz is a key expert on 19th century Spanish patents, and wrote an article on the aeronautical ones: "Aeronáutica e invención en la España del siglo XIX". In this article Sáiz gives an inventory of the 15 patents filed in Spain in the period 1826–1878 which concern dirigible balloons (0.27% of 5134 filed) and notes that in contrast to the subsequent work of Torres, none of these designs was realized. See also Sáiz (2014).[1]

Military

From 1896 the Spanish military service for aeronautics was the Servicio Militar de Aerostación; the Servicio de Aeronáutica Militar, responsible for airplanes, was created in 1913. Pere Vives Vich was a dominant figure in both. Leonardo Torres Quevedo was a key Spanish inventor who also built an early balloon for the Servicio Militar de Aerostación.

References

  1. ↑ Patricio Sáiz. 2014. Did patents of introduction encourage technology transfer? Long-term evidence from the Spanish innovation system. Cliometrica. January 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 49–78. Published abstract. Near-publication version of paper: http://www.ibcnetwork.org/gestion/uploads/publications/publication_99/Saiz_PatentsIntroduction_Cliometrica_2014[AcceptedManuscript].pdf

Patents filed in Spain: Patent ES-1910-48007, Patent ES-1860-2037, Patent ES-1907-41781, Patent ES-1909-45133, Patent ES-1910-46752, Patent ES-1910-46751, Patent ES-1913-540606, Patent ES-1913-56358, Patent ES-1913-56713, Patent ES-1914-58017, Patent ES-1919-71897, Patent ES-1920-75215, Patent ES-1921-79947, Patent ES-1855-1315, Patent ES-1859-1775, Patent ES-1859-1828, Patent ES-1861-2320, Patent ES-1864-2622, Patent ES-1871-4766, Patent ES-1871-4845, Patent ES-1872-4893, Patent ES-1872-4903, Patent ES-1877-5392, Patent ES-1877-5650, Patent ES-1877-5683, Patent ES-1878-5888, Patent ES-1880-1217, Patent ES-1882-2185, Patent ES-1882-1522, Patent ES-1885-5064, Patent ES-1887-7348, Patent ES-1887-7081, Patent ES-1891-12658, Patent ES-1897-20837, Patent ES-1898-23070, Patent ES-1899-24240, Patent ES-1899-23747, Patent ES-1900-25267, Patent ES-1900-25861, Patent ES-1900-27002, Patent ES-1901-27048, Patent ES-1901-27364, Patent ES-1901-27849, Patent ES-1903-31918, Patent ES-1904-34443, Patent ES-1904-35129, Patent ES-1906-38661, Patent ES-1906-38692, Patent ES-1907-40625, Patent ES-1906-38457, Patent ES-1907-41537, Patent ES-1908-43095, Patent ES-1908-43361, Patent ES-1908-42535, Patent ES-1908-44180, Patent ES-1908-44333, Patent ES-1908-44332, Patent ES-1908-44547, Patent ES-1909-44698, Patent ES-1909-44860, Patent ES-1909-44956, Patent ES-1909-45135, Patent ES-1909-45134, Patent ES-1909-45132, Patent ES-1909-45199, Patent ES-1909-45263, Patent ES-1909-45940, Patent ES-1910-49064, Patent ES-1909-46972, Patent ES-1909-47112, Patent ES-1909-47078, Patent ES-1910-47103, Patent ES-1910-47275, Patent ES-1910-47431, Patent ES-1910-47591, Patent ES-1910-47627, Patent ES-1910-47761, Patent ES-1910-47848, Patent ES-1910-47870, Patent ES-1910-48074, Patent ES-1910-48087, Patent ES-1910-48286, Patent ES-1910-48028, Patent ES-1910-48442, Patent ES-1910-48744, Patent ES-1910-49189, Patent ES-1910-49495, Patent ES-1910-49574, Patent ES-1911-49932, Patent ES-1911-50145, Patent ES-1911-50435, Patent ES-1911-50083, Patent ES-1911-50985, Patent ES-1911-51924, Patent ES-1912-52043, Patent ES-1912-52792, Patent ES-1912-53109, Patent ES-1912-53066, Patent ES-1912-53553, Patent ES-1912-53762, Patent ES-1912-53784, Patent ES-1912-53186, Patent ES-1912-54531, Patent ES-1912-54571, Patent ES-1913-54689, Patent ES-1913-54858, Patent ES-1913-54942, Patent ES-1913-55202, Patent ES-1913-54825, Patent ES-1913-55487, Patent ES-1913-55705, Patent ES-1913-55698, Patent ES-1913-56067, Patent ES-1913-56145, Patent ES-1913-56184, Patent ES-1914-57373, Patent ES-1914-57391, Patent ES-1914-57492, Patent ES-1914-57622, Patent ES-1914-57750, Patent ES-1914-57862, Patent ES-1914-58080, Patent ES-1915-59627, Patent ES-1915-60039, Patent ES-1915-60978, Patent ES-1915-61226, Patent ES-1916-62701, Patent ES-1917-64380, Patent ES-1919-69237, Patent ES-1919-70626, Patent ES-1922-81222, Patent ES-1923-84420
Patents filed by persons from Spain: Patent GB-1872-3076, Patent ES-1860-2037, Patent BE-1911-02-02 Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Patent BE-1913-253298, Patent BE-1914-253298.264297, Patent BE-1914-267684, Patent GB-1915-7534, Patent ES-1855-1315, Patent ES-1859-1828, Patent ES-1861-2320, Patent ES-1864-2622, Patent ES-1871-4845, Patent ES-1872-4903, Patent ES-1877-5392, Patent ES-1887-7348, Patent FR-1888-192678, Patent CH-1889-589, Patent GB-1899-11293, Patent FR-1901-308724, Patent ES-1900-27002, Patent ES-1901-27048, Patent FR-1902-320901, Patent FR-1902-320901.784, Patent MX-1902-2557, Patent FR-1902-327218, Patent ES-1903-31918, Patent GB-1903-27073, Patent MX-1906-5384, Patent ES-1906-38692, Patent FR-1907-382794, Patent FR-1907-380572, Patent MX-1909-10000, Patent US-1909-919436, Patent US-1909-929217, Patent ES-1909-44956, Patent GB-1909-8350, Patent FR-1909-382794.11071, Patent FR-1909-382794.11472, Patent FR-1910-411062, Patent FR-1909-382794.11706, Patent ES-1910-47431, Patent ES-1910-47870, Patent FR-1910-418838, Patent FR-1911-425969, Patent CH-1911-57184, Patent GB-1911-4610, Patent FR-1912-439618, Patent GB-1912-2737, Patent GB-1912-6564, Patent FR-1913-382794.17133, Patent FR-1913-455122, Patent GB-1913-4301, Patent FR-1914-467845, Patent ES-1914-57622, Patent ES-1915-59627, Patent FR-1915-478617, Patent ES-1919-70626, Patent US-1920-1454944

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