Difference between revisions of "Japan"

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The Japanese patent office at the time of early aviation was . . .  and the current one is . . . .
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[[File:Patent JP-1899-4164.png|thumb|right|Patent JP-1899-4164|<center>Diagram page of [[Patent JP-1899-4164]]]]
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A Japanese patent law was passed on May 25, 1871, and its provisions were described in a USPTO publication. Patents were to be granted by the "Home Office."<ref>U.S. Patent Office. ''Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office'', Volume 7, issue 8, Feb 23, 1875, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=auC4BKYXx9kC&pg=PA299#v=onepage&q&f=false page 299-300]</ref> . The fee for a patent was 5 ryō (gold coins).<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8D Ryō] article on en.wp</ref> . We do not have examples of patents granted under this law.
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Patents were granted by the Japanese government at least as early as 1885.  "Invention Day is a day that Patent Monopoly Act which is the predecessor of the current Patent Law was promulgated on April 18, 1885 (year 18 of the Meiji Era) by Korekiyo Takahashi who served as the first Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office and others."<ref>http://www.jpo.go.jp/seido_e/rekishi_e/hatsumeie.htm</ref>
  
 
Japan procured a [[silk]] balloon from [[Yon]] in 1890 but didn't find it useful. Later they purchased a [[kite-balloon]] from [[August Riedinger Ballonfabrik Augsburg G.m.b.H.|Riedinger]] in Augsburg. They continued building their aeronautical forces and used them in the [[Russo-Japanese War|war with Russia]]. <ref>[[Hildebrandt, 1908, Airships Past and Present]], [https://archive.org/stream/airshipspastpres00hild#page/172 172].</ref> In 1912 they reportedly bought a German airship, [[Parseval XIII]].
 
Japan procured a [[silk]] balloon from [[Yon]] in 1890 but didn't find it useful. Later they purchased a [[kite-balloon]] from [[August Riedinger Ballonfabrik Augsburg G.m.b.H.|Riedinger]] in Augsburg. They continued building their aeronautical forces and used them in the [[Russo-Japanese War|war with Russia]]. <ref>[[Hildebrandt, 1908, Airships Past and Present]], [https://archive.org/stream/airshipspastpres00hild#page/172 172].</ref> In 1912 they reportedly bought a German airship, [[Parseval XIII]].
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'''JP''' is an abbreviation in this wiki referring to Japan.
 
  
 
Relevant early inventors, authors, managers, and pilots:
 
Relevant early inventors, authors, managers, and pilots:
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* Navy engineer [[Sanji Narahara]] contributed a propeller or propeller design.<ref name=hs>http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/japanese-aviation-history</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_(N)#cite_note-Mikesh-7</ref>
 
* Navy engineer [[Sanji Narahara]] contributed a propeller or propeller design.<ref name=hs>http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/japanese-aviation-history</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_(N)#cite_note-Mikesh-7</ref>
 
* Captain [[Yoshitoshi Tokugawa]] went to France for training.<ref name=hs/><ref name=meyer14>http://econterms.net/pbmeyer/wiki/images/e/e3/Aero_APEBHC2014_Meyer_final.pdf</ref><ref>[[w:Yoshitoshi Tokugawa]]</ref>
 
* Captain [[Yoshitoshi Tokugawa]] went to France for training.<ref name=hs/><ref name=meyer14>http://econterms.net/pbmeyer/wiki/images/e/e3/Aero_APEBHC2014_Meyer_final.pdf</ref><ref>[[w:Yoshitoshi Tokugawa]]</ref>
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Patents were granted by the Japanese government starting in 1885.  "Invention Day is a day that Patent Monopoly Act which is the predecessor of the current Patent Law was promulgated on April 18, 1885 (year 18 of the Meiji Era) by Korekiyo Takahashi who served as the first Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office and others."<ref>http://www.jpo.go.jp/seido_e/rekishi_e/hatsumeie.htm</ref>
 
  
 
Searches for patents are possible here:  https://www4.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/eng/tokujitsu/tjkt_en/TJKT_EN_GM201_KeywordSearchCount.action
 
Searches for patents are possible here:  https://www4.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/eng/tokujitsu/tjkt_en/TJKT_EN_GM201_KeywordSearchCount.action
 
I didn't get any hits and may write to their helpdesk, which had an email address, not in front of me right now.
 
I didn't get any hits and may write to their helpdesk, which had an email address, not in front of me right now.
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Major new source on early Japanese aero history: [[Melzer, 2020]]
  
 
Peter has ordered a book on Hino's time in Germany.  [https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_gnr_fkmr0?rh=i%3Astripbooks%2Ck%3ASoredemo+Wa+Tobu&keywords=Soredemo+Wa+Tobu&ie=UTF8&qid=1537364431 This book] is relevant too but too expensive for the moment.
 
Peter has ordered a book on Hino's time in Germany.  [https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_gnr_fkmr0?rh=i%3Astripbooks%2Ck%3ASoredemo+Wa+Tobu&keywords=Soredemo+Wa+Tobu&ie=UTF8&qid=1537364431 This book] is relevant too but too expensive for the moment.
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=== Japanese patent law and tech categories ===
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This was helpfully sent to econterms around Aug 1 2022 by NISHIMURA Shigehiro, business history professor at Kansai University:
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* Japan’s modern patent system began with the enactment of the Patent Monopoly Ordinance in 1885. The patent ordinance was revised and refined based on the inspection of the patent system in Europe and the US by Korekiyo Takahashi, who later became Prime Minister.
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* Takahashi "was appointed as the first chief of the Bureau of Patents, a department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, and helped organized the patent system in Japan."<ref>[[w:Takahashi Korekiyo]]</ref>
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* The Patent Office first used patent classifications in 1893, when it had 35 classes. There was no class for aeronautics and aviation in this classification.
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* The patent classification issued in 1897 consisted of 112 classes, again without aircraft.
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* Japan became a signatory to the [[Paris Convention]] in 1899. Until then, foreigners were not allowed to register patents in Japan. The Japanese patent law was then revised, making it possible for foreigners to obtain Japanese patents. The 1899 patent law mandated that foreigners have an agent with a domicile in the Japanese empire.
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* At that time the patent classification was revised to have 136 classes system, and “balloons and airplanes” appeared in class 41.
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* The next major patent law reform took place in 1921. The patent classification then had 207 classes, including class 35 for “aeronautics”. Class 36 “propulsion,” had relevant subclasses: “propellers” was in subclass 1 and “aircraft propulsion devices” was in subclass 2. That law essentially continued until after World War II.
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=== Searching for Japanese patents ===
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* There is a front end but we are not skilled in using it.  To use it:
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* Visit the JPO:  https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/index.html
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* click on J-PlatPat, the service to search for patents:  https://www.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/
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* Click "English" in the upper right when possible
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* Choose "Utility patents" where possible, avoiding "design patents"
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* Search for 4164, which should be [[Yamada Isaburo]]'s cyclindrical kite balloon.  two patents come back. probably the three-pager is the one we want, but I'm looking for confirmation.
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=== References ===
 
=== References ===
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
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{{Patents for a country|Japan|JP}}
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{{Patents by country|JP|Japan}}
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{{Patents by people from|JP|people located in Japan}}
  
 
[[Category: Japan]]
 
[[Category: Japan]]
 
[[Category: Countries]]
 
[[Category: Countries]]

Latest revision as of 08:25, 2 September 2023

Diagram page of Patent JP-1899-4164

A Japanese patent law was passed on May 25, 1871, and its provisions were described in a USPTO publication. Patents were to be granted by the "Home Office."[1] . The fee for a patent was 5 ryō (gold coins).[2] . We do not have examples of patents granted under this law.

Patents were granted by the Japanese government at least as early as 1885. "Invention Day is a day that Patent Monopoly Act which is the predecessor of the current Patent Law was promulgated on April 18, 1885 (year 18 of the Meiji Era) by Korekiyo Takahashi who served as the first Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office and others."[3]

Japan procured a silk balloon from Yon in 1890 but didn't find it useful. Later they purchased a kite-balloon from Riedinger in Augsburg. They continued building their aeronautical forces and used them in the war with Russia. [4] In 1912 they reportedly bought a German airship, Parseval XIII.

Relevant early inventors, authors, managers, and pilots:

Searches for patents are possible here: https://www4.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/eng/tokujitsu/tjkt_en/TJKT_EN_GM201_KeywordSearchCount.action I didn't get any hits and may write to their helpdesk, which had an email address, not in front of me right now.

Major new source on early Japanese aero history: Melzer, 2020

Peter has ordered a book on Hino's time in Germany. This book is relevant too but too expensive for the moment.

Japanese patent law and tech categories

This was helpfully sent to econterms around Aug 1 2022 by NISHIMURA Shigehiro, business history professor at Kansai University:

  • Japan’s modern patent system began with the enactment of the Patent Monopoly Ordinance in 1885. The patent ordinance was revised and refined based on the inspection of the patent system in Europe and the US by Korekiyo Takahashi, who later became Prime Minister.
  • Takahashi "was appointed as the first chief of the Bureau of Patents, a department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, and helped organized the patent system in Japan."[11]
  • The Patent Office first used patent classifications in 1893, when it had 35 classes. There was no class for aeronautics and aviation in this classification.
  • The patent classification issued in 1897 consisted of 112 classes, again without aircraft.
  • Japan became a signatory to the Paris Convention in 1899. Until then, foreigners were not allowed to register patents in Japan. The Japanese patent law was then revised, making it possible for foreigners to obtain Japanese patents. The 1899 patent law mandated that foreigners have an agent with a domicile in the Japanese empire.
  • At that time the patent classification was revised to have 136 classes system, and “balloons and airplanes” appeared in class 41.
  • The next major patent law reform took place in 1921. The patent classification then had 207 classes, including class 35 for “aeronautics”. Class 36 “propulsion,” had relevant subclasses: “propellers” was in subclass 1 and “aircraft propulsion devices” was in subclass 2. That law essentially continued until after World War II.

Searching for Japanese patents

  • There is a front end but we are not skilled in using it. To use it:
  • Visit the JPO: https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/index.html
  • click on J-PlatPat, the service to search for patents: https://www.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/
  • Click "English" in the upper right when possible
  • Choose "Utility patents" where possible, avoiding "design patents"
  • Search for 4164, which should be Yamada Isaburo's cyclindrical kite balloon. two patents come back. probably the three-pager is the one we want, but I'm looking for confirmation.

References

  1. ↑ U.S. Patent Office. Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, Volume 7, issue 8, Feb 23, 1875, page 299-300
  2. ↑ Ryō article on en.wp
  3. ↑ http://www.jpo.go.jp/seido_e/rekishi_e/hatsumeie.htm
  4. ↑ Hildebrandt, 1908, Airships Past and Present, 172.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://econterms.net/pbmeyer/wiki/images/e/e3/Aero_APEBHC2014_Meyer_final.pdf
  6. ↑ w:Chuhachi Ninomiya
  7. ↑ w:Hino Kumazo
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/japanese-aviation-history
  9. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_(N)#cite_note-Mikesh-7
  10. ↑ w:Yoshitoshi Tokugawa
  11. ↑ w:Takahashi Korekiyo

Patents filed in Japan

Patents filed by people located in Japan

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