Patent FR-1876-111574
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File:FR-1876-111574.jpeg Info from CdB 1876
Steam-powered airplane with two propellers. Hallion, 2003, pp. 124–125, writes:
- A large, externally braced flying wing, it resembled nothing so much as a big moth. Designed as an amphibian, with retractable wheels so it could operate from land and a boat hull permitting it to operate off water, it incorporated a number of features found in the successful craft of the mid-twentieth century. These included two propellers located on the leading edge of the wing, an enclosed cabin and cockpit (with a fighter-style clear bubble canopy), instruments for the pilot's reference (including a barometer to measure height above ground, a level to assist in maintaining altitude, and a compass), moveable elevators on the trailing edge of the wing for pitch control, and a fixed vertical fin for directional stability tat had attached to it a moveable rudder for yaw (directional) control. The Pénaud-Gauchot design possessed a Gaulic elegance of line going beyond Henson and Stringfellow's pioneering Ariel of midcentury, with a slight dihedral to the wing and, as with his earlier model, graceful unswept wingtips to provide inherent stability. Its well-thought-out external bracing anticipated the design of early European monoplanes such as the Blériot, Béchereau's Monocoque Deperdussin, and the various Morane-Saulnier designs. Further, the two developers had undertaken a comprehensive performance analysis that indicated a depth of insight and study beyond most of the early pioneers.
The patent itself is dated 18 February 1876; L'Aéronaute (Vol. 10, No. 10, p. 274) says it was legally filed on 8 April 1876.
This invention was experimental with regards to tail stability, propellers driven by rubber band (After him, Pline, Étienne Marey, Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, Clément Ader, Victor Tatin et Bègne, construisent de nombreux modèles de planeurs. );
Sources
- page 7 of Aéro-Manuel, 1914 1914
- Notes on specific influences leading from Pénaud's patent were drawn from p. 7 of « Chronologie Aéronautique » pages of Aéro-Manuel, 1914 edition; Hallion, 2003, pp.124–125
After him (that is, Alphonse Pénaud, in collaboration with Paul-Élie Gauchot), Pline, Marey, A. Hureau de Villeneuve, Clément Ader, Tatin and Bègne, made many plane models. Hallion, 2003, pp.124–125
- USPTO. 1883. SMIP, France, 1791-1876
- Reproduction de la dernière page du brevet n° 117.574 pris en France le 16 février 1876, par Penaud et Gauchot, pour «Un aéro-plane ou appareil aérien volant».; Planche I et II du brevet n° 111.574 pris en France le 16 février 1876, par Penaud et Gauchot, pour «Un aéro-plane ou appareil aérien volant». (NYPL Digital Collection)
- Republished in L'Aéronaute, Vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 274–289.
- CdB (1876)
- Inventor location: Paris, rue Castellane, 14
| Year filed | 1876 |
|---|---|
| Year granted | 1876 |
| Office | FR |
| Patent number | 111574 |
| Inventors | Charles-Alphonse Pénaud, Paul-Élie Gauchot |
| Inventor country | FR |
| Applicant person | Charles-Alphonse Pénaud, Paul-Élie Gauchot |
| Applicant firm | |
| Applicant type | |
| Applicant is inventor? | Yes |
| Original title | Aéroplane ou appareil aérien volant |
| English title | Aeroplane or flying aerial apparatus |
| Tech fields | model aeroplane, Aerial Car, marine, propulsion, airplane, airfoil, stability, tail fin, propellers |
| Filing date | April 8, 1876 |
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| Granted? | Yes |
| Publication date | February 18, 1876 |
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| Related to aircraft? | Yes |
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| National tech categories | FR 6.3 |
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| Family year | 1876 |
| First filing? | No |
| Cites these patents | |
| Citations from after 1930 | |
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