Konstantin Danilewsky

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1906, from Wikimedia Commons, by Неизвестен, uploaded by Дмитрий Кошелев
1898, from Wikimedia Commons, by Неизвестен, uploaded by Дмитрий Кошелев

Konstantin Danilewsky or Constantin Danilewsky (or Danilewski or Danilevsky) built a widely-discussed airship around 1901. He began making attempts at flight in a steerable balloon in 1898.

His home town, where he filed patents from, was Kharkiv, Ukraine, then part of Russia and shown that way on official documents.[1] The city's name is spelled variously on official documents: Ха́рків, Ха́рьков, Kharkov, and Charkow.

Danielewsky worked on several models of unorthodox pedal-powered heavier-than-air machines, one called the Flying Carpet (Ковер-самолет). At one point Alexander Matveevich Kowanko criticized his activities as dangerous. Balloon ascensions in 1897–1900 were more successful.[2]

He did enjoy a brief period of international notability, as can be seen from the publications report below. Most descriptions of his career (as well as this wave of press coverage) end around 1900, yet we have him filing a patent for flying apparatus in 1909.


Patents whose inventor or applicant is Konstantin Danilewsky or Constantin Danilewsky or Constantin Danilevsky or K. I. Danilewsky

Publications by or about Konstantin Danilewsky or Constantin Danilewsky or Constantin Danilevsky or K. I. Danilewsky

Key sections from Russian Wikipedia, which refers to 1894 and 1897 Russian patents we don't have:[3]

A patent application for the first aircraft called "Flying Carpet" was filed by Danilevsky on January 4 (16), 1894, the patent was received on March 19 (31), 1897. It is not known whether it was actually built; the only source is the inventor's diary. By the time the patent was received, the author had an idea for a new design.
Mixed balloon "Pilstrem" in flight, 1898.
A patent application for the next type of apparatus, the "flying projectile", was filed on August 20 (September 1), 1897, the patent was received on July 29 (August 11), 1900. This device was produced in 1897 in Paris in the workshop of the famous manufacturer of balloons Lashambra, at the expense of A. A. Pilstrem, a native of Sweden, who owned a foundry in Kharkov. The aircraft, called the "Embryo", was a hybrid of a balloon, a muscle aircraft and an ornithopter. The retention of the product in the air was provided by a balloon filled with hydrogen with a volume of about 170 cubic meters. m, vertical and horizontal maneuvering was carried out by a pilot who pedaled bicycles, transmitting movement to the wings with a span of about three meters. On October 8 (20), 1897, 19-year-old tester Pyotr Kosyakov made more than two dozen ascents to a height of up to 80 meters. Thus, the flight coincided in time with the tests of Avion III by K. Ader (October 14). The tests continued in 1898. They were attended by mix balloons "Pilstrem" and "Orichka", also produced at the Leshambra plant [9]. In August 1898, Danilevsky made a report on his testing experiments at the X Congress of Russian Naturalists and Physicians, held in Kyiv.
Danilewsky applied in 1898 to the War Department to obtain funding. However, his product received negative conclusions from the Electrotechnical Committee of the Main Engineering Directorate and the VII Department of the Russian Technical Society, which considered the project of the Society of Controlled Balloons in Paris to be more promising. At the suggestion of the Chief Engineers, Lieutenant General A.P. Vernander, head. Major General L. M. Ivanov and the head of the aeronautical department, Major General A. M. Miklashevsky, were denied funding.
In 1899, tests began with an apparatus of a new, improved design. The balloon was made as vertical. Often broken wings are replaced by a paddle-wheel propeller. Plumage was added to the design. The pilot turned the pedals that set the wheel in motion, thanks to which the device rose into the air like a rotorcraft. Having gained the required height, the pilot changed the tail angle, after which the device could plan. The tests were moved to the village of Rogan. On October 7 (19), 1899, an emergency situation occurred when, at an altitude of 350 m, the device lost control: the chain that led from the pedals to the wheel jumped off, and the balloon did not have a gas release valve. It was possible to stabilize the control only at an altitude of about 1,500 miles, the aircraft landed 7 km from the launch site. None of the approximately 200 flights of Danilevsky's apparatus ended in an accident.
In 1900 and subsequent years, tests were not carried out due to the death of A. A. Pilstrem, and the inventor did not find new sources of funding. At the same time, Danilevsky's book “Guided Aircraft Projectile” was published, in which he summed up his experiments with aeronautics. The book received a negative review from K. E. Tsiolkovsky.

More info

More info: https://welweb.org/ThenandNow/Danilewsky.html and w:uk:Данилевський Костянтин Якович and this source cited by ru.wp: https://web.archive.org/web/20211201160229/http://ballooning-magazine.ru/rubriki/9-nashi-istoki/395-27-dd

References

  1. ↑ Braunbeck's Sport-Lexicon: Luftschiffahrt, 1911, p. 243.
  2. ↑ Андрей Кравченко, Воздушный велосипедист, или Харьковский Леонардо да Винчи, Status Quo, 2019-05-31.
  3. ↑ w:ru:Данилевский, Константин Яковлевич


Names Konstantin Danilewsky; Constantin Danilewsky; K. I. Danilewsky; Константин Яковлевич Данилевский; Данилевський Костянтин Якович
Birth date 1857
Death date 1914
Countries RU, Ukraine
Locations Kharkov
Occupations doctor, physician
Tech areas Airship, LTA, Human-powered, Flapping, Design
Affiliations
Wikidata id Q109855478
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