Australian patent classifications
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The Australian patent classification system of the time of early aero is discussed here.
- The 1906 classifications, documented: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433011564964&view=1up&seq=220&q1=thematic
- The 1911 revised classifications: The Australian official journal of patents. Classifications: numerical subject list and word index, issued 23 Jan 1912. p.2 to p. 228
- These give very similar category systems; we'll check how similar.
It seems that there were several distinctive patent offices in Australia, possibly with different category systems. Here are works by the South Australia Patent Office: [1]
- AU 90 = Wind and flying machines
- AU 90.1 example
- AU 90.3:
1911 table
This table is from the 1911 one, on page 3 and subsequent pages. Each subcategory itself has several example sub-subcategories, or subject matters. Then above the Category level there are groups. So there are four levels here really. It's impressive. They have 100 classes, here, and 761 subclasss. Patents are only put in subclasses.
| Category | Subcategories |
|---|---|
| 00: Physical and mathematical science | 00.0 Miscellaneous; 00.1 Horology; 00.2 Calculating or drawing incommensurables; 00.4 Optical apparatus; 00.5 Magnetic apparaus; 00.7 Thermal apparatus; 00.8 Meteorological apparatus |
| 01: Acoustics and music | 1.0 Misc; 01.1 Acoustical apparatus; 01.2 Pianofortes, &c. (plucked and percussion instruments); 01.3 Stringed instruments; 01.5 Wind instruments; 01.6 Organs, keyboard and tune-sheet actions; 01.7 Talking machines; 01.8 Music furniture; 01.9 Musical notations, &c. |
| 02: Dynamo electric machinery (converting between mechanical and electrical energy) | 2.0 Misc; 2.1 Field magnets; 2.2 Armatures; commutators; 2.3 Direct current machines; 2.4 Alternate current machines; 2.5 Rotary converters; 2.6 Static transformers and inductoriums; 2.7 Dynamos for varying speeds; 2.8 Reciprocating electro-motors |
| 03: Electric transmission and distribution | 3.0 Misc; 3.1 Aerial lines; 3.2 Electric cables; 3.3 Cable conduits; 3.4 Trolley railways; 3.6 Surface and conduit railways; 3.8 Systems for electric distribution |
| 04: Electric accessories | 4.0 Misc; 4.1 Electric materials; 4.2 Switches; connectors, &c.; 4.3 Fuses; emergency disconnectors, &c.; 4.4 Electric bells and indicators; 4.6 Measuing instruments; 4.7 Starting and controlling apparatus |
| 05: Telegraphy and telephony | 5.0 Misc; 5.2 Morse and like systems and instruments; 5.4 Printing tleegraphcs, &c.; 5.5 Radio-transmission; 5.6 Telephone instruments; 5.7 Telephone systems |
| 06: Electric lamps and furnaces | 6.0 Misc; 6.1 Vacuum and vapour lamps; 6.2 Arc and flame lamps; 6.4 Incandescent electic lamps; 6.6 Electric lamp fittings; 6.7 Electric heaters; 6.8 Electric furnaces |
| 07: Electrolysis and batteries | 7.0 Misc; 7.1 Primary cells; 7.3 Electric accumulators; 7.5 Electrolyzing acids, &c.; 7.6 Metals from aqueous electrolytes; 7.7 Metals from fused electrolytes; 7.9 Synthesis and catalysis |
| 08: Mineral chemistry | 8.0 Misc; 8.1 Hydrogen-Lithium-to-Copper; 8.2 Calcium-to-Beryllium; 8.3 Boron to Aluminum; 8.4 Carbon to Titanium; 8.5 Nitrogen to Vanadium; 8.6 Oxygen to Chromium; 8.7 Fluorine to Manganese; 8.8 Iron to Platinum; 8.9 Commercial acids, alkalies, and ammonia |
| 09: Organic chemistry | 9.0 Misc; 9.1 Alcohols; vegetable acids; starch; sugar, &c.; 9.2 Fixed oils; wax; glycerine, &c.; 9.3 Hydro-carbons; 9.4 Essential oils; 9.5 Dyes; tannins; 9.6 Amines; vegetable alkaloids; 9.8 Cyanogen; 9.9 Proteids; bacteria |
| 10: Crushing and grinding | 10.0 Misc; 10.1 Ore feeders; 10.2 Crusing by stamps; 10.3 Crushing rolls; edge mills; ball mills, &c.; 10.4 Rock breakers; gyratory crushers; 10.5 Smooth and fluted grinders; 10.6 Impact pulverizers; disintegrators; 10.7 Choppers; mincers, &c.; 10.8 Mixers and kneaders |
| 11: Mechanical and electric separation | 11.0 Misc; 11.1 Ore sampling machine; 11.3 Screen; trays; trommels; bands &c.; 11.4 Shaking and moving tables; vanners, &c.; 11.6 Dry centrifugal separators; 11.7 Magnetic and electrostatic separators; 11.9 Ore dressing points |
| 12: Hydraulic and pneumatic separation | 12.0 Misc; 12.1 Washing, settling, and decanting; buddles, &c.; 12.2 Water jigs, upward classifiers, &c.; 12.3 Wet ore centrifugals; 12.5 Ore flotation; 12.7 Dry blowing |
| 13: Amalgamation | 13.0 Misc; 13.2 Amalgamation on fixed tables, troughs, &c.; 13.3 Amalgamation in pans, crushers, grinders, puddlers; 13.4 Amalgamating on shaking or moring surfaces; 13.5 Submersive amalgamation; 13.6 Mercury surfaces; recovering mercury, &c.; 13.7 Mercury vapour amalgamating; 13.9 Electric and chemical amalgamation |
| 14: Leaching metallurgy | 14.0 Misc; 14.1 Leaching by water, alkalies, and alkaline salts; 14.2 Leaching by the sulphur acids; 14.3 Leaching by other acides and corrosive salts; 14.4 Cyaniding ores; 14.5 Chlorination and haloid leaching; 14.7 Leaching vessels; 14.9 Leaching plants |
| 15: Metallurgy in furnaces | 15.0 Misc; 15.1 Fritting and agglomerating ores; 15.2 Roasting processes for ores; 15.4 Smelting processes for ores; 15.5 Bessmerizing; pyritic and bath smelting; 15.6 Fume production; volatilizing and distilling metals; 15.8 Refining and alloying metals |
| 16: Industrial furnaces | 16.0 Misc; 16.1 Kilns; ovens; heaps, &c.; 16.2 Retorts; muffles; condensers, &c.; 16.30 Gas producers; vertical furnaces; 16.33 Blast furnaces; converters; forges; 16.37 Tower and shower flame furnaces; 16.40 Horizontal roasting or flame furnaces; 16.43 Fixed reverberatory furnaces; 16.45 Revolving cylinder furnaces; 16.47 Moving hearths, &c.; 16.5 Rabbles, rakes, &c.; 16.6 Bath furnaces; slag and soak pits, &c.; 16.7 Water jackets for furnaces, tuyeres, &c.; 16.8 Furnace accessories; 16.9 Furnace plants |
| 17: Chimneys ; fumes ; hot air | 17.0 Misc; 17.1 Chimneys and adjuncts; 17.2 Cleaning furnace passages; 17.3 Hot blast stoves; regenerative heaters, &c.; 17.4 Fume collecting; smoke fillers, &c.; 17.5 Drying and hot-air stoves; 17.7 Smoke prevention and consumption; 17.8 Spark arresters |
| 18: Stones ; cement, &c. | 18.0 Misc; 18.1 Stone working and dressing; 18.3 Lime; cement; plaster; 18.5 Concrete; artificial stone; 18.7 Asphalt; tar paving, &c. |
| 19: Glass and ceramics | 19.0 Misc; 19.1 Bricks; tiles; pipes, &c.; 19.2 Crucibles; firebricks, &c.; 19.4 Porcelain and fine pottery; 19.6 Glass and slag products |
| 20: Solid and liquid fuel | 20.0 Misc; 20.2 Coal and carbonaceous solid fuel; 20.6 Liquid fuel; 20.8 Matches; fire-lighters, &c. |
| 21: Gas for light , heat , and power | 21.0 Misc; 21.1 Coal and wood gas; 21.2 Fuel and water gas; 21.3 Oil gas, &c.; 21.4 Air carburettors; 21..5 Gas purification and analysis; 21.6 Gas distribution; 21.80 Acetylene and other gases; 21.81 Acetylene, &c.; water to carbide; 21.83 Acetylene, &c.; carbide lifted by gas-holder; 21.85 Actylene, &c.; water regulated by gas-holder; 12.87 Actylene, &c.; cartridges hydrated, &c.; 21.89 Acetylene, &c.; loose solid fed by gas-holder |
| 22: Candles and fuel lamps | 22.0 Misc; 22.1 Candles, holders, &c.; 22.2 Oil-wick lamps; 22.4 Oil Supply; pump, &c.; 22.5 Gas burners, fittings, &c.; 22.8 Street lamp lighting by pilot-lights, &c. |
| 23: Bunsen and incandescent burners | 23.0 Misc; 23.1 Gas bunsen burners for heating; 23.3 Vaporizing oil or spirit burners; 23.5 Incandescent gas lighting and heating; 23.7 Lime-light and flash-light |
| 24: Domestic heating ; cooking apparatus | 24.0 Misc; 24.1 Fixed fire grates, registers, &c.; 24.2 Kitcheners, &c., using solid fuel; 24.3 Stores using gas, oil, &c.; 24.4 Bakers' ovens and factory plant; 24.5 Water heaters for domestic use; 24.6 Digesters and steam cookers; 24.7 Cooking vessels, &c.; 24.8 Heat retaining apparatus, &c.; 24.9 Fenders; fire irons, &c. |
| 25: Washing ; cleaning ; brushes | 25.1 Misc; 25.1 Soaps and detergents; 25.2 Domestic clothes washing; 25.4 Wool scours and factory washing; 25.5 Domestic wet cleaning; 25.6 Wringing; centrifugal driers, &c.; 25.7 Starching; ironing, &c.; 25.8 Brushes; 25.9 Domestic dry cleaning |
| 26: Bleaching and dyeing | 26.0 Misc; 26.1 Bleaching; 26.5 Dyeing |
| 27: Beverages | 27.0 Misc; 27.1 Beer; wine; spirits, etc.; 27.3 Carbonating beverages; 27.5 Bottling beverages; 27.7 Supply from bottles; 27.8 Supply from bulk |
| 28: Filtration ; distillation | 28.0 Misc; 28.11 Gravity filters and percolators; 28.13 Tank and vat filters; 28.15 Enclosed filters on pipes; 28.17 Multiple cell filters; 28.2 Moving filters; 28.3 Filtering materials and processes, 28.5 Distillation; vacuum pans; 28.6 Evaporating heavy liquids; 28.8 Osmosis, diffusion, &c. |
| 29: Refrigeration | 29.0 Misc; 29.2 Cooling towers, ponds, &c.; 29.3 Water bags and like coolers; 29.4 Compression and expansion apparatus and processes; 29.5 Counter current heat interchangers; 29.7 Cold storage and plant; ice safes |
| 30: Ploughing | 30.0 Miscellaneous; 30.1 Hand tools for digging; 30.2 Clearing land; 30.3 Plough components; 30.4 Lifting, steering, and draught combinations; 30.5 Mould-board implements; 30.7 Disk implements; 30.9 Stump-jump implements |
| 31: Cultivation | 31.0 Misc; 31.1 Seed and manure distribution; 31.2 Secondary cultivators; 31.4 Horticulture and gardening; 31.5 Weed and pest destroying; 31.7 Manures and fertilizers; 31.9 Irrigation and drainage |
| 32: Harvesting | 32.0 Misc; 32.1 Hand tools for harvesting; 32.2 Mowers and reapers, &c.; 32.3 Grain stripper harvesters; 32.4 Beaters, &c., for strippers; 32.5 Stripper combs; 32.6 Thrashing; winnowing; grading; 32.7 Collecting and storing crops |
| 33: Tropiculture | 33.0 Misc; 33.1 Sugar; 33.3 Tobacco; 33.4 Cigars and cigarettes; 33.5 Smokers' requisites; 33.6 Cotton; 33.8 Tea; coffee; cocoa, &c.; 33.9 Pepper and spices |
| 34: Cereals ; vegetables ; fruit | 34.0 Misc; 34.1 Treatment of grain,, seeds, &c.; 34.2 Fodder; cattle foods; 34.3 Flour; oatmeal; macaroni, &c.; 34.6 Bread and pastry; 34.7 Preserves; pickles, &c.; 34.8 Confectionery |
| 35: Food preserving | 35.0 Misc; 35.1 Slaughtering; 35.2 Smoking and desiccating meats, &c.; 35.3 Coating and canning meat, &c.; 35.4 Food compositions; meat extract; tallow, &c.; 35.5 Meat salting; injection treatment, &c.; 35.7 Treatment of fish food, &c.; 35.9 Preserving eggs, &c. |
| 36: Dairy food | 36.0 Misc; 36.13 Teat cups and presses; 36.15 Pulsating apparatus; 36.2 Handling milk; cans, &c.; 36.3 Sterilizing milk, &c.; 36.4 Concentrated milk and mixed products; 36.6 Cream separators &c.; 36.8 Butter making; 36.8 Butter cutting and 'printing'; 36.9 Cheese and casein products |
| 37: Pastoral work | 37.0 Misc; 37.1 Breeding and rearing pastoral animals; 37.2 Veterinary work, &c.; 37.3 Drafting yards; dipping, &c.; 37.4 Branding and marking; 37.6 Shearing machinery; wool sheds and fittings; 37.8 Pastoral fire prevention and extinction |
| 38: Fowling ; fishing ; trapping | 38.0 Misc; 38.1 Bird and egg farming; 38.3 Incubators and brooders; 38.4 Apicuture; 38.5 Pisciculture and fishing; 38.6 Fence, net, and snare traps; 38.7 Jaw, drop, and pit traps; 38.81 Bait distribution; 38.85 Vermin fumigation, &c.; 38.9 Destruction of vermin, sundry methods |
| 39: Animal power ; harness | 39.0 Misc; 39.1 Horse gears; whims, &c.; 39.3 Farriery; stable fittings; 39.4 Training horses, &c.; runaway appliances; 39.5 Horse and cattle rugs; 39.6 Harness for haulage; 39.7 Harness for guiding; 39.8 Saddles; riding seats |
| 40: Textile materials | 40.0 Misc; 40.1 Dressing flax, hemp, &c.; 40.3 Ginning and combing; 40.5 Silk and substitutes; 40.7 Spinning fibres |
| 41: Textile fabrics | 41.0 Misc; 41.2 Weaving warp and weft; 41.5 Hosiery; 41.7 Dressing and finishing fabrics; 41.9 Water-proofing; oil cloths |
| 42: Sewing | 42.0 Misc; 42.1 Needles; embroidery, &c.; 42.3 Sewing clothing, &c.; 42.5 Sewing leather, paper, &c.; 42.7 Leather sewing with curved needles |
| 43: Wearing apparel | 43.0 Misc; 43.1 Tailoring and dressmaking; 43.3 Body clothing; 43.4 Corsets; belts; suspenders, &c.; 43.6 Trimmings; hand and neck articles; 43.7 Barbering; perfumery; 43.8 Hats and millinery; 43.9 Garment fastenings and ornaments |
| 44: Boots and shoes ; umbrellas | 44.0 Boot designs; miscellaneous details; 44.1 Boot and shoe uppers; 44.2 Boot and shoe fastenings; 44.3 Boot and shoe soles; 44.41 Fixed or renewable heels for boots, &c.; 44.45 Rotary and circular heels, &c.; 44.47 Boot protectors; attachments, &c.; 44.50 Bootmakers' tools and appliances; 44.51 Clicking, skiving, and trimming leather for boots; 44.53 Assembling; lasting &c.; 44.55 Pounding; levelling, &c.; 44.57 Boot nailing machines, &c.; 44.59 Boot finishing; 44.7 Leggings, &c.; 44.8 Umbrellas; fans, &c. |
| 45: Furniture | 45.0 Misc; 45.1 Chairs and seats; 45.2 Bedsteads, &c.; 45.3 Tables; desks; stands, &c.; 45.4 Cabinets; wardrobes; book-cases, &c.; 45.5 Lavatory furniture; 45.8 Ladders and steps; 45.9 Framing and joints |
| 46: Upholstery ; decoration, &c. | 46.0 Misc; 46.1 Mattresses; springs, &c.; 46.4 Carpets; floorcloths, &c.; 46.5 Wall and ceiling decoration; 46.6 Blinds; curtains; banners; screens, &c. |
| 47: Leather and plastics | 47.0 Misc; 47.2 Tanning; fur dressing; 47.3 Leather dressing, &c.; compositions; 47.5 India-rubber; vulcanizing; 47.6 Gutta-percha; gums, &c.; 47.7 Celluloid; horn, &c.; 47.9 Linoleum; vegetable parchments, &c. |
| 48: Paper ; bookbinding | 48.0 Misc; 48.1 Paper manufacture, &c.; 48.3 Cutting and treating paper; 48.5 Paper boxes and packages; 48.7 Permanent bookbinding; 48.8 Temporary bookbinding; 48.9 Bookfinishing |
| 49: Clerical and artistic apparatus | 49.0 Misc; 49.1 Desk appliances; 49.3 Envelopes; bags; wrappers, &c.; 49.6 Scholastic apparatus |
| 50: Typographic printing | 50.0 Misc; 50.1 Typographic materials and appliances; 50.2 Type founding, &c.; 50.3 Type setting, &c.; 50.4 Typewriters, &c.; 50.5 Linotype monotype, and like printing; 50.7 Hand-power printing; 50.8 Automatic newspaper and book printing; 50.9 Printing and brandin on wood, glass, &c. |
| 51: Lithography, &c. | 51.0 Misc; 51.1 Stones, surfaces, processes; 51.3 Presses for lithography, &c.; 51.4 Calico printing, &c.; 51.6 Stencils; transfers, &c.; 51.8 Embossed printing, &c. |
| 52: Photography | 52.0 Misc; 52.1 Lenses, &c. for photography; 52.2 Cameras and supports; 52.3 Sensitized photographic surfaces; 52.4 Printing photographs; 52.5 Developing photographs; 52.6 Finishing photographs; 52.7 Dark rooms, change boxes, &c.; 52.8 Process-blocks, &c.; 52.9 Colour photography; radiography |
| 53: Amusements | 53.0 Misc; 53.1 Field sports; 53.2 Lawn games, &c.; 53.3 Racing apparatus; 53.4 Spectacular apparatus; 53.5 Side shows; 53.6 Billiards; bagatelle, &c.; 53.7 Parlour games, &c.; 53.8 Chess; cards; roulette, &c.; 53.9 Toys and models |
| 54: Commerce | 54.0 Misc; 54.12 Attached advertisements; 54.14 Advertisement supports; 54.16 Moving advertisements; 54.18 Optical advertising, &c.; 54.2 Issuing and checking tickets; 54.3 Postal devices; labels; 54.4 Card indexes, &c.; 54.5 Cheques, manifold books, &c.; 54.7 Shop and warehouse fittings |
| 55: Money | 55.0 Misc; 55.2 Coin counting, changing, &c.; 55.5 Automatic cash and sales recorders; 55.7 Coin-freed and value-set apparatus |
| 56: Counting ; measuring ; weighing | 56.0 Misc; 56.2 Counting and adding; 56.4 Measuring dimensions and direction; 56.5 Measuring volumes; 56.6 Recording quantities, potentials, &c.; 56.8 Weighing apparatus |
| 57: Packing ; compressing ; stoppering | 57.0 Misc; 57.1 Bags; baskets, &c.; 57.2 Boxes, barrels, &c.; 57.3 Presses for packing materials; 57.4 Wrapping and parceling; 57.5 Stoppers and closures for bottles, cans &c.; 57.6 Non-refillable bottles, &c.; 57.7 Fluid-tight doors; 57.8 Portmanteaux; article carriers, &c.; 57.9 Packing eggs, flowers, &c. |
| 58: Ropes ; wire ; chains | 58.0 Misc; 58.1 Fibre and wire ropes; 58.3 Tools for wire-straining, &c.; 58.4 Wire articles; barbed wire; 58.5 Wire netting and fabrics; 58.7 Chains; couplings, &c. |
| 59: Conveying and lifting | 59.0 Misc; 59.1 Jacks; levers; tackle, &c.; 59.2 Lifts and cages; 59.3 Winches and cranes; 59.4 Cable haulage; aerial ropeways; 59.5 Bucket wheels and bucket chain elevators; 59.6 Belt, trough, and helical conveyors; 59.7 Reciprocating conveyors; 59.8 Pneumatic tube carriage; 59.9 Transporters and combination plants |
| 60: Kinematics of mechanism | 60.0 Misc; 60.1 Linkwork; 60.2 Toothed gearing; 60.3 Conversion of motion; 60.4 Centrifugal apparatus; 60.5 Intertwisting and plaiting; 60.7 Sliding bearings; 60.8 Ball and roller bearings; 60.9 Lubricants and lubricators |
| 61: Governors | 61.0 Misc; 61.1 Cataract governors; 61.2 Pendulums; gyroscopes, &c.; 61.3 Train-arm governors; 61.5 Stop and release motions; 61.7 Compound and reducing valves, &c.; 61.9 Governing combinations |
| 62: Power transmission and storage | 62.0 Misc; 62.1 Weight, spring, and perpetual motors; 62.2 Fly-wheels; relays; 62.4 Brakes; dynamometers; 62.5 Hydraulic and pneumatic transmission; 62.7 Teledynamic and frictional transmission; 62.8 Shafting, couplings, &c. |
| 63: Steam power | 63.0 Misc; 63.1 Compound steam power systems; 63.2 Feed heaters; economizers, &c.; 63.4 Boilers for steam power; 63.5 Mechanized stokers; fire-boxes; 63.6 Flashing generators, &c.; 63.7 Steam boiler fittings; 63.8 Steam and vapour condensers |
| 64: Cranked engines | 64.0 Misc; 64.2 General design; standard steam engines; 64.5 Steam engine valve gear; 64.7 Hot air engines; 64.8 Special types of engines; 64.9 Water pressure engines |
| 65: Reciprocating motors | 65.0 Misc; 65.1 Hydraulic motors; detached strokes; 65.3 Percussion motors; periodic strokes; 65.4 Pneumatic motors; detached strokes; 65.5 Pulsating apparatus; 65.6 Direct acting engines; 65.9 Valves for non-rotary engines |
| 66: Gas and oil engines, &c. | 66.0 Misc; 66.2 Explosion engines; 66.3 Internal combustion motors; 66.5 Vaporizers, &c.; in oil motors; 66.6 Fuel control for motors; 66.7 Valves and gear for motors; 66.8 Igniters and coolers for explosion motors |
| 67: Turbines ; rotary motors, &c. | 67.0 Misc; 67.1 Steam turbines, &c.; 67.2 Vanes, guide-blades, and jets; 67.4 Water turbines, &c.; 67.5 Water-wheels and motors, &c.; 67.6 Pair-wheel motors, &c.; 67.7 Crescent and annular motors, &c.; 67.8 Gyrating and other motors, &c.; 67.9 Gas displacement meters, &c. |
| 68: Pumps for liquids | 68.0 Misc; 68.1 Chain pumps; hydraulic rams, &c. 68.3 Piston and cylinder pumps; 68.5 Mine and deep well pumps; 68.6 Direct steam pumps, &c.; 68.7 Centrifugal pumps; 68.8 Rotary pumps, &c.; 68.9 Spraying and atomizing combinations |
| 69: Blowers and compressors | 69.0 Misc; 69.1 Jet pumps; injectors, &c.; 69.3 Bellows, &c.; 69.4 Piston blowers and air pumps; 69.6 Centrifugal blowers; 69.8 Rotary blowers |
| 70: Moulding ; casting ; stamping | 70.0 Misc; 70.1 Metal and other moulds; 70.2 Moulding in sand, &c.; 70.4 Casting metals; 70.6 Cold stamping coins, smallwares, &c.; 70.8 Moulding by extrusion, rolling, &c. |
| 71: Forging ; rolling, &c. | 71.0 Misc; 70.1 Puddling; welding, &c.; 71.2 Hammering; drop forging, &c.; 71.3 Squeezing; pressing, &c.; 71.4 Rolling mills; 71.5 Punching; shearing, &c.; 71.6 Riveting; forges, &c.; 71.8 Wire drawing; squirting, &c. |
| 72: Metal turning ; milling ; fitting | 72.0 Misc; 72.1 Fitters; bench tools, &c. 72.3 Lathes; milling machines, &c.; 72.5 Planing, shaping, slotting machines; 72.7 Drills and boring machines; 72.9 Screwing machines |
| 73: Sheet metal work | 73.0 Misc; 73.1 Rolling sheets; galvanizing, &c.; 73.2 Cutting and folding sheet metal; 73.4 Hammering; pressing; spinning; curling, &c.; 73.6 Soldering and brazing; 73.8 Hollowware manufacture |
| 74: Pipes and fittings | 74.0 Misc; 74.1 Drawn or rolled metal pipes and tubes; 74.4 Hose and special pipes; 74. Jointing and coupling pipes; 74.6 Pipe tools; 74.7 Taps and valves for pipes, &c.; 74.8 Taps, &c., for vessels and chambers; 74.9 Jets; nozzles; spreaders, &c. |
| 75: Abrading and polishing | 75.0 Misc; 75.1 Abrasive materials; 75.2 Bands; wheels; surfaces 75.3 Precision grinding; 75.5 Files and rasps; 75.6 Brush polishing, &c.; 75.7 Glass and gem cutting; 75.8 Scraping; rattling, &c.; 75.9 Sand blast apparatus |
| 76: Cutlery ; plate ; catering | 76.0 Misc; 76.1 Knives and domestic edge tools; 76.3 Scissors snips; and shears; 76.5 Spoons; forks; dishes, &c.; 76.8 Kitchen and caterers' implements |
| 77: Locks ; bolts ; seals, &c. | 77.0 Misc; 77.1 Keyless bolts, latches, &c.; 77.2 Sash latches; window bars, &c. 77.3 Locks having keys; 77.5 Keyless locks; 77.7 Sealed fastenings; 77.9 Safes; strong rooms, &c. |
| 78: Structural hardware | 78.0 Misc; 78.1 nails; staples; rivets; eyelets; 78.2 Hooks; knobs; handles, &c.; 78.3 Screws; bolts; washers; 78.4 Lock-nuts, &c.; 78.5 Hinges and pivots; 78.6 Rollers; pulleys; castors; 78.71 Window and door mounting; 78.73 Carriage and sash fittings, &c.; 78.81 Door stops and holders; 78.83 Door springs and closers; 78.85 Draught and dust excluders, &c.; 78.9 Brackets; holdfasts, &c. |
| 79: Paints ; inks ; adhesives, &c. | 79.0 Misc; 79.1 Paint oils; driers, &c.; 79.2 Pigments and metallic powders; 79.3 Paints; varnish; inks; adhesives; 79.4 Spreading; spraying; dipping; 79.6 Japanning; stove enamelling |
| 80: Carpentry and woodworking | 80.0 Misc; 80.1 Timber and treatment; 80.3 Woodworkers; hand tools; 80.4 Carpenters' vices, cramps, &c.; 80.5 Wood saving and moulding; 80.6 Wood turning, screwing, carving; 80.7 Wood boring, mortising, mitering; 80.8 Cask and wheel machinery; 80.9 Veneering; compo-boards |
| 81: Buildings ; streets ; fencing | 81.0 Misc; 81.1 Masonry and brickwork; 81.2 Concrete and reinforced structures; 81.3 Tents; scaffolding, &c.; 81.4 Roof construction and covering; 81.5 Access and lighting; 81.6 Warming and ventilating; 81.7 Streets; subways; bridges; 81.8 Fencing, &c.; 81.9 Gates; flood openings |
| 82: Harbors ; foundations | 82.0 Misc; 82.1 Harbours and rivers; 82.4 Tide and wave power; 82.6 Foundations &c.; 82.8 Diving and compressed air work |
| 83: Waterworks | 83.0 Misc; 83.1 Collecting rain water, &c.; 83.5 Reservoirs and aqueducts; 83.7 Urban water distribution; 83.9 Water meters, gauges, &c. |
| 84: Excavation and dredging | 84.0 Misc; 84.1 Excavators' hand tools; 84.2 Barrows; tip waggons, &c.; 84.31 Drag scoops; cable haulage; 84.33 Wheeled scoops, &c.; 84.35 Scrapers and graders; 84.37 Elevating excavators; 84.5 Grab dredges; steam shovels, &c.; 84.6 Bucket ladder dredges; 84.8 Suction and hydraulic excavation |
| 85: Mining | 85.0 Misc; 85.1 Tunnels; shafts, &c.; 85.2 Deep well boring; prospecting; 85.4 Rock drills with pistons, &c.; 85.5 Rock drills with cranks, &c.; 85.6 Rotary rock drills; 85.7 Coal cutting; quarrying, &c.; 85.8 Rock drill accessories, &c.; 85.9 Ventilation; dust laying, &c. |
| 86: Sanitation | 86.0 Misc; 86.1 Hot and cold baths, &c.; 86.2 Flushing; disinfecting, &c.; 86.3 Closets; sanitary pans, &c.; 86.4 Drains and sewers; 86.5 Street sweeping, &c.; 86.6 Destructor furnaces; 86.7 Sewage treatment; 86.8 Toilet papers, &c. |
| 87: Medicine and surgery | 87.0 Misc; 87.1 Compositions of drugs poisons, &c.; 87.2 Administration of anaesthetics, &c.; 87.3 Bandages; nursing, &c.; 87.4 Surgical instruments; 87.6 Ocular apparatus; 87.7 Dentistry; 87.8 Electro-medical apparatus; 87.9 Funerals; executions, &c. |
| 88: Salvage ; accidents | 88.0 Misc; 88.1 Fire engines and appliances; 88.2 Sprinklers; extinguishers; alarms, &c.; 88.4 Fireproof structuers and materials; fire escapes; 88.7 Marine salvage appliances; 88.9 Machinery guards |
| 89: War ; pyrotechnics, &c. | 89.0 Misc; 89.3 Rifles; machine guns, &c.; 89.4 Rifle and artillery sights, &c.; 89.5 Targets and indicators, &c.; 89.6 Armour and defence; 89.7 Camps and commissariat; 89.8 Explosives; 89.9 Ammunition; pyrotechnics; blasting |
| 90: Wind and flying machines | 90.0 Misc; 90.3 Flying machines; 90.5 Special aerial motors, &c.; 90.7 Wind-wheels and windmills; 90.9 Ventilating apparatus |
| 91: Ship building | 91.0 Misc; 91.2 Shipbuilding and repairs; 91.4 Open boats; davits, &c.; 91.6 Submarine and supermarine vessels; 91.8 Cargo handlign on ships, &c. |
| 92: Marine propulsion | 92.0 Misc; 92.1 Navigation; 92.2 Marine engines, &c.; 92.4 Wind propulsion; 92.6 Submerged propulsion; steering, &c.; 92.8 Propulsion by man or animal power |
| 93: Road vehicles | 93.0 Misc; 93.1 Freight vehicles; 93.2 Passenger vehicles; 93.3 Axles; springs; brakes, &c.; 93.4 Wooden vehicle wheels; 93.5 Ped-rails; chain plates, &c.; 93.7 Poles; shafts; accessories; 93. Carriage-builders' hardware |
| 94: Cycles | 94.0 Misc; 94.1 Cycle frames, &c.; 94.3 Cycle saddles, brakes, &c.; 94.5 Cycle pedals, &c.; 94.7 Speed gear; free wheels, &c.; 94.9 Cycle accessories |
| 95: Locomobiles | 95.0 Misc; 95.1 Railway steam locomotives; 95.2 Steam road motor engines; 95.3 Petrol motor vehicles; 95.4 Electric motor cars; 95.5 Portable engines, &c.; 95.7 Steering gear; brakes, &c.; 95.9 Driving gear combinations |
| 96: Rolling stock | 96.0 Misc; 96.1 Freight-car bodies; 96.2 Passenger carriage bodies; 96.3 Under frames; couplings, &c.; 96.4 Axles; bearings, &c.; 96.5 Springs for rolling stock; 96.6 Railway brakes; 96.8 Train lighting, heating, &c.; 96.9 Mono-rail and special rolling stock |
| 97: Wheels | 97.0 Misc; 97.2 Metal wheels with rigid frames; 97.4 Tension spoked wheels; 97.6 Metal wheels with elastic structuer; 97.80 Miscellaneous pneumatic pads; 97.81 Solid rubber and other cushion tyres; 97.83 Pneumatic tyres; 97.84 Spare wheels and rim attachments; 97.85 Inflating pumps, valves, &c.; 97.87 Puncture closing and repairing; 97.89 Armour; tread procedure |
| 98: Permanent way | 98.0 Misc; 98.1 Rails and jointing; 98.2 Switches and crossings; 98.3 Rail cleaning; snow ploughs, &c.; 98.4 Sleepers and fastenings; 98.5 Slotted conduits; pick-up troughs, &c.; 98.6 Change of gauge appliances; 98.8 Stations; gate gear, &c. |
| 99: Signalling | 99.0 Misc; 99.1 Mechanical railway signalling; 99.2 Electric and other railway signalling; 99.4 Block signal systems; 99.5 Train signalling, &c.; 99.6 visible and audible signals; codes, &c.; 99.7 Fire and police signalling; 99.8 Mine signalling |
In the publication, this list is followed by a word index. The patent office, apparently following British practice, is enthusiastic about subject-matter indexes.
History
References
Examples to infer from
- class 32.3: No. 3537/05, filed 3 July 1905, by Hugh Victor McKay, for "stripper harvesters."
- class 32.5: No. 2025/04, filed 21 Nov 1904 by Hugh Victor McKay, "Improved adjustable stripper comb."
- class 43.7: No. 2221/04, 30 Dec 1904 by William Alexander McKay and James Henderson Cobb, "improved hair pin"
- class 70.1: No. 4037/21, filed 18 Oct 1921, "including cognate No. 5094/22" for "manufacture of concrete pipes and other shapes."
- class 81.8: No. 878/04, application dated June 20, 1904, by Joseph McKay Sutherland, "Improvements in fences."
| Enclosing categories | Patent category systems |
|---|---|
| Subcategories | AU 90 |
| Keywords | |
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