Difference between revisions of "Harry Aubrey Toulmin, Sr."
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[[File:US821393 - fig.2 - wing warping.png|thumb|Toulmin's signature appears beneath Orville and Wilbur's in the lower left corner of [[Patent US-1903-821393]].]] | [[File:US821393 - fig.2 - wing warping.png|thumb|Toulmin's signature appears beneath Orville and Wilbur's in the lower left corner of [[Patent US-1903-821393]].]] | ||
− | ''' | + | '''Harry Aubrey Toulmin, Sr.''' was the patent attorney of the [[Wright Brothers]] and to some extent the author of [[Patent US-1903-821393]]. He was involved, with the Brothers, in the subsequent legal disputes which arose over the rights to produce aircraft.<ref>[[Johnson 2004]].</ref> |
(Henry A. Toulmin, Jr., was also an attorney and wrote a book in 1936 titled ''Invention and the Law''.)<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4531243;view=1up;seq=9 ''Invention and the Law''] on HathiTrust.</ref> | (Henry A. Toulmin, Jr., was also an attorney and wrote a book in 1936 titled ''Invention and the Law''.)<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4531243;view=1up;seq=9 ''Invention and the Law''] on HathiTrust.</ref> | ||
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:After studying what the Wright brothers had given him to work with, Toulmin urged that they only seek a patent on its system for in-air control which they followed his recommendation that they apply for a patent based on the 3-axis control system of their 1902 Glider instead of their powered 1903 or 1904 Flyers in order to avoid having to present a working model to a highly doubting Patent Office. In addition, Toulmin advised the Wrights to patent not just the mechanisms that allowed them to warp or flex a wing but, more importantly, to patent the idea of roll control itself. | :After studying what the Wright brothers had given him to work with, Toulmin urged that they only seek a patent on its system for in-air control which they followed his recommendation that they apply for a patent based on the 3-axis control system of their 1902 Glider instead of their powered 1903 or 1904 Flyers in order to avoid having to present a working model to a highly doubting Patent Office. In addition, Toulmin advised the Wrights to patent not just the mechanisms that allowed them to warp or flex a wing but, more importantly, to patent the idea of roll control itself. | ||
− | :In all, Toulmin handled 5 patent applications for the Wright brothers over a period of 17 years, spurring more than 13 years of fierce legal battles over the intellectual property rights he helped create. As a result of Toulmin's success in keeping others from using the Wright brothers' ideas, aircraft manufacturers established the Aircraft Manufacturers Association to coordinate the World War I wartime aircraft manufacturing in the United States and formed a patent pool 4 months after the start of the war, in July, 1917, with the approval of the U.S. government. All patent litigation ceased automatically and royalties were reduced to 1% and free exchange of inventions and ideas took place among all the airframe builders. | + | :In all, Toulmin handled 5 patent applications for the Wright brothers over a period of 17 years, spurring more than 13 years of fierce legal battles over the intellectual property rights he helped create. As a result of Toulmin's success in keeping others from using the Wright brothers' ideas, aircraft manufacturers established the [[Aircraft Manufacturers Association]] to coordinate the World War I wartime aircraft manufacturing in the United States and formed a patent pool 4 months after the start of the war, in July, 1917, with the approval of the U.S. government. All patent litigation ceased automatically and royalties were reduced to 1% and free exchange of inventions and ideas took place among all the airframe builders. |
:Toulmin channeled his success and notoriety into authoring more than 30 books on a wide variety of topics, including the Truman Committee of President Harry S. Truman. Several of Toulmin's books were published well after his death in 1942. | :Toulmin channeled his success and notoriety into authoring more than 30 books on a wide variety of topics, including the Truman Committee of President Harry S. Truman. Several of Toulmin's books were published well after his death in 1942. | ||
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=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
− | + | {{Person | |
+ | |Names=Harry Aubrey Toulmin Sr.; Harry Toulmin, Sr.; Harry A. Toulmin | ||
+ | |Birth date= | ||
+ | |Death date= | ||
+ | |Countries=US | ||
+ | |Locations=Ohio | ||
+ | |Occupations= | ||
+ | |Tech areas= | ||
+ | |Affiliations= | ||
+ | |Wikidata id=Q15996367 | ||
+ | }} | ||
[[Category:American patent agents]] | [[Category:American patent agents]] | ||
[[Category:Authors]] | [[Category:Authors]] |
Revision as of 09:10, 20 November 2021
Harry Aubrey Toulmin, Sr. was the patent attorney of the Wright Brothers and to some extent the author of Patent US-1903-821393. He was involved, with the Brothers, in the subsequent legal disputes which arose over the rights to produce aircraft.[1]
(Henry A. Toulmin, Jr., was also an attorney and wrote a book in 1936 titled Invention and the Law.)[2]
More:[3]
- Following the U.S. Patent Office examiner's advice to the brothers to work with a patent attorney, Wilbur began searching for a qualified lawyer. Two friends, John Kirby and Will Ohmer, recommended that Wilbur contact Henry A. Toulmin in Springfield.
- In January 1904, Wilbur wrote to Toulmin asking for an appointment to discuss filing a new patent application. Eight days later Wilbur made the trip to Springfield. Toulmin took Wilbur and Orville's claims seriously when they announced they wanted to patent a flying machine. The Wright brothers hired Toulmin that day and placed the Wright patent case in his hands.
- After studying what the Wright brothers had given him to work with, Toulmin urged that they only seek a patent on its system for in-air control which they followed his recommendation that they apply for a patent based on the 3-axis control system of their 1902 Glider instead of their powered 1903 or 1904 Flyers in order to avoid having to present a working model to a highly doubting Patent Office. In addition, Toulmin advised the Wrights to patent not just the mechanisms that allowed them to warp or flex a wing but, more importantly, to patent the idea of roll control itself.
- In all, Toulmin handled 5 patent applications for the Wright brothers over a period of 17 years, spurring more than 13 years of fierce legal battles over the intellectual property rights he helped create. As a result of Toulmin's success in keeping others from using the Wright brothers' ideas, aircraft manufacturers established the Aircraft Manufacturers Association to coordinate the World War I wartime aircraft manufacturing in the United States and formed a patent pool 4 months after the start of the war, in July, 1917, with the approval of the U.S. government. All patent litigation ceased automatically and royalties were reduced to 1% and free exchange of inventions and ideas took place among all the airframe builders.
- Toulmin channeled his success and notoriety into authoring more than 30 books on a wide variety of topics, including the Truman Committee of President Harry S. Truman. Several of Toulmin's books were published well after his death in 1942.
References
Names | Harry Aubrey Toulmin Sr.; Harry Toulmin, Sr.; Harry A. Toulmin |
---|---|
Birth date | |
Death date | |
Countries | US |
Locations | Ohio |
Occupations | |
Tech areas | |
Affiliations | |
Wikidata id | Q15996367 |