Charles Renard

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Charles Renard was an inventor in the French military.

Dirigible parachute

Gustave Rives of the French auto club described Renard's "dirigible parachute" of 1873 as an early ancestor of the modern aeroplane—an airplane without a motor:[1]

C'était un corps fusiforme, en cuivre mince, surmonté d'une tige verticale passant en son milieu. À cette tige étaient fixées, dans une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'appareil, 10 surfaces planes horizontales superposées, de grande envergure. Cet appareil avait été construit à Arras en 1873, alors que l'éminent officier était simple lieutenant. Il l'avait appelé parachute dirigeable ; en réalité c'était un véritable aéroplane sans moteur ; il était donc propre à des glissades analogues à celles que Lilienthal, Chanute, les frères Wright, les frères Voisin, et bien d'autres, ont exécutées depuis. C'était un appareil de petite dimension, non monté, un simple modèle réduit ; mais, tel qu'il était, cet appareil fut essayé aux environs d'Arras ; il fut lancé du haut des tours Saint-Éloi, reste d'une ancienne abbaye, et, conformément aux prévisions de son auteur il descendit non pas verticalement, mais suivant une pente douce, ainsi que doit faire tout aéroplane sans moteur ou dont le moteur a été arrêté.

According to Octave Chanute, Renard displayed this machine at the Paris exhibition of 1889:[2]

In 1889 Commandant Renard, the eminent superintendent of the French Aeronautical Department, exhibited at the Paris Exposition of that year, an apparatus experimented with some years before, which he termed a "dirigible parachute." It consisted of an oviform body to which were pivoted two upright slats carrying above the body nine long superposed flat blades spaced about one-third of their width apart. When this apparatus was properly set at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the body and dropped from a balloon, it travelled back against the wind for a considerable distance before alighting. The course could be varied by a rudder. No practical application seems to have been made of this device by the French War Department, but Mr. J. P. Holland, the inventor of the submarine boat which bears his name, proposed in 1893 an arrangement of pivoted framework attached to the body of a flying machine which combines the principle of Commandant Renard with the curved blades experimented with by Mr. Phillips, now to be noticed, with the addition of lifting screws inserted among the blades.

(Chanute, however, credits Francis Herbert Wenham with the origination of the two-surface aircraft — citing Patent GB-1866-1571.)

La France

With Arthur Krebs, Renard constructed an electric dirigible named La France.

References

  1. Gustave Rives, Rapport sur le Premier Salon de l'Aéronautique - Décembre 1908, p. 14; full section, "L'Oeuvre de Colonel Renard"
  2. Octave Chanute, "Evolution of the Two-Surface Flying Machine" in Flying Machines: Construction and Operation by W.J. Jackman & Thos. H. Russell, 1910.

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