Khan, 2005
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- B. Zorina Khan. 2005. The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790–1920. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pages: Xvii + 322
This major work has a detailed comparison of the patent systems cross-nationally up to 1920. It characterizes the American one as more democratic than the others partly because its fees are low, and partly based on data on who patented across countries.[1][2]
Notes on the book
- characterizes Sokoloff (1988) as seminal (p.xv)
- cites Valerie Marchal as helpful (p.xvi)
- US Constitution includes idea of rewarding inventors in Article I, section 8, clause 8 (p.)
- "The first international patent convention was held in Austria in 1873 at the suggestion of U.S. policy makers, who wanted to be certain that their inventors would be adequately protected at the International Exposition in Vienna"; and "the convention also [gave] an opportunity to protest provisions in Austrian law that discriminated against foreigners, including a requirement that patents had to be worked within one year or risk invalidation." (p298)
- "Patent harmonization [led] to convergence toward the American model . . ." (p298)
- U.S. policy opposed both working requirements and compulsory licenses, and the U.S. view was gradually influential after the Paris Convention. (p299, footnote 22)
- The U.S. had briefly had working requirements for foreign patentees in its 1832 and 1836 patent laws. (p299)
- French patent laws of 1844 incorporated working requirements. (p299)
- Germany had requirements for both working requirements and compulsory licensing. (p299)
- There were international conferences about patents in 1878, 1880, 1883, 1886, 1890-91, 1897-1900, and 1911. (p299) For more see Edith Penrose's Economics of the International Patent System, 1951. (Penrose, 1951)
- In 1884 the International Union for the Protect of Industrial Property was formed. (p299-300)
References
| Original title | The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790–1920 |
|---|---|
| Simple title | Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790–1920 |
| Authors | B. Zorina Khan |
| Date | 2005 |
| Countries | US |
| Languages | en |
| Keywords | patent offices, patent institutions, USPTO |
| Journal | |
| Related to aircraft? | 0 |
| Page count | 338 |
| Word count | |
| Wikidata id |
