Sail

Mac Sweeny, 1844, Essay on Aerial Navigation, p. 11:

One is apt to exclaim, why not use sails, oars, and a rudder? Sails are useless, the wind does not strike them, because the balloon moves as fast as the wind.

This wiki has 71 patents categorized in "sail" or "sails".

Patents in categories sail or sails

• Patent FR-1859-40340 (English title: aerial motor, that is, a sail apparatus applicable to locomotives, Inventors: Jean-Louis-Baptiste Nicolle)
• Patent GB-1826-5420 (English title: Improved kites, Inventors: James Viney • George Pocock)
• Patent GB-1843-9642 (English title: Applications of balloons, Inventors: Lawrence Holker Potts)
• Patent BE-1914-263947 (English title: Apparatus using the force of the wind, applicable to aerial, (non-submarine) and land vehicles, Inventors: L. Calastrenc)
• Patent BE-1900-148917 (English title: Construction named aerostat, Inventors: J.-L. Senden)
• Patent BE-1900-151102 (English title: Dirigible aircraft with sails, mounted on a hull, Inventors: R. Ulrich)
• Patent BE-1900-151102.151649 (English title: Dirigible aircraft with sails, mounted on a hull (this addition focusing more specifically on the sail propulsion), Inventors: R. Ulrich)
• Patent BE-1900-150659 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: T. Dobrescu • A. Comanescu)
• Patent FR-1900-304429 (English title: Dirigible aircraft with sails, mounted on a hull, Inventors: R. Ulrich)
• Patent GB-1867-549 (English title: [Aerial railway], Inventors: J. A. A. Fontaine)
• Patent GB-1867-2229 (English title: [Flying machine with sails and jet propulsion], Inventors: James Edward Nelson)
• Patent US-1841-2107 (English title: Improvement in windmills, Inventors: William Zimmerman)
• Patent US-1857-16943 (English title: Feathering the sails or vanes of windmills, Inventors: J. C. Wilson • T. G. Wilson)
• Patent US-1860-32378 (English title: Balloon or aerial car, Inventors: Mortimer Nelson)
• Patent US-1866-57996 (English title: Marine balloon, Inventors: Chester W. Sykes)
• Patent FR 1872-95404 (English title: Navigation using sails and propeller, Inventors: Couret)
• Patent FR-1876-114079 (English title: Flying kite called Heli-Aerostat, Inventors: Perrotte)
• Patent CA-1878-8860 (English title: Improvements on flying machines, Inventors: Richard William Cowan • Charles Pagé)
• Patent US-1881-245768 (English title: Flying ship, Inventors: William Beeson)
• Patent FR-1883-154127 (English title: Sail system for aerostats, Inventors: Georg Wellner)
• Patent FR-1883-154732 (English title: balloon with sails of propulsion, Inventors: Georg Wellner)
• Patent US-1885-312344 (English title: Vessel for Aerial navigation, Inventors: Eugene F. Falconnet)
• Patent US-1885-338173 (English title: Aerial navigation, Inventors: Ringert Jongewaard)
• Patent US-1887-361855 (English title: Aerial navigation, Inventors: William Beeson)
• Patent CA-1892-39665 (English title: Aerial navigation machine, Inventors: Frederick William Zimer)
• Patent DE-1893-71903 (English title: Sails for flying machines, Inventors: Georg Wellner)
• Patent FR-1893-229796 (English title: wheel of sails for aerial machines, Inventors: Georg Wellner)
• Patent US-1894-512450 (English title: Parachute-sail for balloons, Inventors: Theodor Schneider-Preiswerk)
• Patent US-1894-516581 (English title: Flying Apparatus, Inventors: Georg Wellner)
• Patent DE-1894-82230 (English title: Sail-wheel for flying machines, Inventors: Friedrich Kühner)
• Patent DE-1894-85326 (English title: Adjustment device for aircraft with arched sails, Inventors: Hugo Schüssler)
• Patent US-1897-592704 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: Jacob D. Graybill)
• Patent FR-1898-277157 (English title: Machine pour voler dans l'air, Inventors: Paul Molnar • Hans Hörbiger)
• Patent US-1898-606960 (English title: Kite, Inventors: John Doyle)
• Patent DE-1896-100398 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Paul Molnar • Friedrich Wilhelm Rogler • Hans Hörbiger)
• Patent US-1898-606622 (English title: Kite, Inventors: John F. Cooley)
• Patent DE-1899-103290 (English title: Drag-parachute for aircraft, Inventors: Max Lochner)
• Gebrauchsmuster DE-1899-127338 (English title: Dirigible airship characterized by wedge-shaped balloon with concave aluminum sail and propeller pair in front and back, Inventors: G. A. Rossler)
• Patent DE-1899-110832 (English title: Apparatus for forward motion of bodies in the air, harnessing the force of gravity by means of forwardly inclined composite sail-surfaces, Applicant firm: Internationaler Verein zur Rationellen Verwertung von Erfindungspatenten, E.G.m.b.H.)
• Patent DE-1900-124967 (English title: Collapsible sail-wall-keel for airships, Inventors: George Grant)
• Patent GB-1903-2826 (English title: Improvements in Aerial Machines, Inventors: Georg Wellner)
• Patent DE-1902-142761 (English title: Adjusting device for aircraft sail-surfaces arranged under the vehicle floor, Inventors: Josef Seiberl)
• Patent FR-1903-323250 (English title: Dirigible balloon system, Inventors: Janko Klopčić)
• Patent FR-1904-348999 (English title: Wheel of sails, Inventors: Janko Klopčić)
• Patent US-1906-836513 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Paul Lebaudy • Pierre Lebaudy)
• Patent US-1906-827157 (English title: Aerodrome, Inventors: John B. Kramer)
• Patent US-1902-827017 (English title: Wing of flying machines, Inventors: Joseph Hofmann)
• Patent US-1907-870430 (English title: Captive balloon, Inventors: Henri-Alphonse-Désiré Hervé)
• Patent US-1907-873542 (English title: Aerial Vessel, Inventors: George Halliday)
• Patent US-1906-844172 (English title: Aeronautical machine, Inventors: Alexander McCarthy)
• Patent US-1907-869709 (English title: Machine for use with wind-power, Inventors: Josef Homola)
• Patent GB-1906-27817 (English title: Propeller Driven Airships, Inventors: Josef Deixler)
• Patent AT-1907-29720 (English title: Drag-sail, particularly for flying-machines, Inventors: Josef Deixler)
• Patent AT-1906-34959 (English title: Wing arrangement for propeller-driven aircraft, Inventors: Josef Deixler)
• Patent FR-1908-387393 (English title: improvements to dirigibles, Inventors: Pierre Tkatchenko)
• Patent US-1908-877529 (English title: Air-ship, Inventors: Peter Theodor Tkatzschenko)
• Patent US-1908-887931 (English title: Aerial apparatus, Inventors: Charles Joseph Alexandre Fiesse)
• Patent GB-1908-17370 (English title: Flying Machine, Inventors: Raymond d'Equevilley-Montjustin)
• Patent FR-1909-405390 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: Lucien Chauvière)
• Patent US-1909-914782 (English title: Aeroplane air-ship, Inventors: Louis-Auguste Becht)
• Patent FR-1909-409203 (English title: Flat sail aerial wing, expandable on the move using mercury, air or compressed gas, Inventors: Alexis Lupoff)
• Patent US-1908-971030 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: William Henry Fauber)
• Patent US-1909-960539 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Robert E. Green)
• Patent GB-1911-19430 (English title: Feathering Wind Sails or Propellers applicable for Wind Mills, Air-ships and other purposes, Inventors: John Anderson)
• Patent NZ-1911-30024 (English title: Feathering Wind-Sails or Propellers applicable for Windmills, Airships, and other purposes, Inventors: John Anderson)
• Patent US-1911-997001 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: George A. Owen • George A. Bates)
• Patent US-1911-996613 (English title: Flying-machine, Inventors: Victor Camal)
• Patent US-1911-986579 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Charles A. Kuenzel)
• Patent US-1912-1013952 (English title: Air-cycle, Inventors: Joseph H. Price)
• Patent GB-1912-6846 (English title: Improvements in feathering wind sails or propellers for wind-mills and airships, Inventors: John Anderson)
• Patent GB-1916-13575 (English title: Improvements relating to captive balloons, particularly to a pivoted "kite or sail" which helps the car maintain a vertical position irrespective of the gas bag's position, Inventors: Everard Richard Calthrop)

Publications referring to sail or sails

• Pocock, 1827, Aeropleustic Art (Simple title: Aeropleustic Art, Kites, or Buoyant Sails)
• Villeneuve, 1880, La distribution des prix de l'Institut Lombard de Milan en 1879 (Simple title: The prize distribution of the Milan Lombard Institute in 1879, Journal: L'Aéronaute)
• Publication 12499, 1881, Le vol à voiles (Simple title: The flight with sails, Journal: Mon. Ind. Belge)
• Moedebeck, 1886, Ueber das Projekt, den Ballon ohne Motor mit Hilfe einer Segelfläche am Gondelringe und eines Belastungsseiles zu lenken (Simple title: About the project to steer the balloon without motor by means of a sail surface at the nacelle rings and a loading rope, Journal: Zeitschr. Luftsch.)
• Kadarz, 1891, Der Segelballon (Simple title: The sailing balloon, Journal: Zeitschr. Luftsch.)
• Kadarz, 1891, Noch ein wenig Segelballon (Simple title: A little sailboat, Journal: Zeitschr. Luftsch.)
• Vogt, 1891, On the action of sails (Simple title: On the action of sails, Journal: Steamship)
• Wellner; Scovil, 1894, Machines volantes à roues munies de voiles. (Système G. Wellner.) (Simple title: Wheeled flying machines with sails. (G. Wellner System.), Journal: Inventions Nouvelles)
• Lilienthal, 1895, Die Profile der Segelflächen und ihre Wirkung (Simple title: The profiles of the sail surfaces and their effect, Journal: Zeitschr. Luftsch.)
• Fonvielle, 1896, Le succès des ballons à voiles (Simple title: The success of sailing balloons, Journal: L'Aérophile)
• Knight, 1899, Sailing and trailing (Simple title: Sailing and trailing, Journal: Aër. Journ.)
• Publication 457, 1903, An air and water ship (Simple title: An air and water ship, Journal: Aer. World)
• Publication 13431, 1909, A demonstration of how it is practically possible to make a ship, which shall be sustained by the air, and may be moved by either sails or oars, Translation (Simple title: A demonstration of how it is practically possible to make a ship, which shall be sustained by the air, and may be moved by either sails or oars, Translation, Journal: Bulletins of the Aerial Experiment Association)
• Publication 9848, 1909, Plus vite que le vent. Le traineau à voile (1) (Simple title: Faster than the wind. The sledge with sail, Journal: Cosmos)

Enclosing categories	Navigation, Propulsion
Subcategories
Keywords
Start year
End year