Spain
Contents
Introduction
ES is an abbreviation in this wiki referring to Spain.
The Spanish patent office at the time of early aviation was Dirección Especial de Patentes, Marcas e Industria (1887–1992) and the current one is la Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas.
Barcelona had a particularly active aeronautic scene, with the Asociación de Locomoción Aérea and Revista de Locomoción Aérea beginning in 1908–9. It was also the home of Hispano-Suiza engine makers and the site of aero promotional events including the Barcelona exhibition and 1910 Mamet flight in Barcelona. The city's proximity to France may relate to its relative prominence; for instance, both French and Spanish advertisements can be found in the Revista de Locomoción Aérea.
Patents
OEPM and Espacenet are currently our main sources for Spanish patents. There is not always a great deal of information available. Espacenet searches (as opposed to entries) give a "Priority date" as well as a main date listed under "Publication info" in the search. The former is probably the filing date, whereas the latter is probably the date granted or published.
Patents were available in Spain before 1887. Urling, 1845 (p. 272) records that foreigners could apply for patents of 5, 10, or 15 years, but would need to put their invention into use within one year of the patent, or else it would be nullified.
Patricio Sáiz is a key expert on 19th century Spanish patents, and wrote an article on the aeronautical ones: "Aeronáutica e invención en la España del siglo XIX". In this article Sáiz gives an inventory of the 15 patents filed in Spain in the period 1826–1878 which concern dirigible balloons (0.27% of 5134 filed) and notes that in contrast to the subsequent work of Torres, none of these designs was realized. See also Sáiz (2014).[1]
It was a Royal Decree of March 27, 1826, which stipulated the rules for the granting privileges of invention and introducing improvements on the basis of the first Spanish Patent Law, which had been enacted in in 1820. A Royal Certificate of July 30, 1833, incidentally, extended these provions to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.[2]
Military
From 1896 the Spanish military service for aeronautics was the Servicio Militar de Aerostación; the Servicio de Aeronáutica Militar, responsible for airplanes, was created in 1913. Pere Vives Vich was a dominant figure in both. Leonardo Torres Quevedo was a key Spanish inventor who also built an early balloon for the Servicio Militar de Aerostación.
References
- ↑ Patricio Sáiz. 2014. Did patents of introduction encourage technology transfer? Long-term evidence from the Spanish innovation system. Cliometrica. January 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 49–78. Published abstract. Near-publication version of paper: http://www.ibcnetwork.org/gestion/uploads/publications/publication_99/Saiz_PatentsIntroduction_Cliometrica_2014[AcceptedManuscript].pdf
- ↑ PANORAMA HISTÓRICO of the Oficina Cubana De La Propiedad Industrial
Patents filed in Spain
- Patent ES-1913-56713 (English title: A combination or full pneumatic suit for airmen, motorists and so on, Inventors: Nazaire Lacrotte)
- Patent ES-1907-41781 (English title: Improvements in aerial photographic devices, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence, Supplementary to patent: Patent CH-1907-42902)
- Patent ES-1913-56358 (English title: An shock-dampening system for pilot and airline passengers' seats, Inventors: Nazaire Lacrotte)
- Patent ES-1909-45133 (English title: Aerostat with air sacs, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H)
- Patent ES-1910-46752 (English title: Wind-wheel used especially as propeller for airplanes, dirigibles, and the like, Inventors: Hermann Ruthenberg)
- Patent ES-1914-58017 (English title: Airplane, complete system inclusive of parachute, Inventors: George Raymond Lawrence, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1913-04-21 George Raymond Lawrence)
- Patent ES-1910-48007 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Thomas Augustus Dring, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1909-12556)
- Patent ES-1913-540606 (English title: Security covering for aerostats, Inventors: Henrich Bruns Jr.)
- Patent ES-1910-46751 (English title: Aerostats or the like, Inventors: Hermann Ruthenberg)
- Patent ES-1919-71897 (English title: Improvements introduced in depots(possibly fuel tanks) such as aircraft, Inventors: René Caudron)
- Patent ES-1920-75215 (English title: An economical kitchen with gas heating, Applicant firm: Luftfahrzeugbau Schütte-Lanz)
- Patent ES-1860-2037 (English title: system of navigational apparatus for balloons, and construction of an air train, Inventors: Federico Gómez Arias)
- Patent ES-1921-79947 (English title: Improvements in turbines powered by steam or other elastic fluids, Inventors: Louis-Marie Le Dantec)
- Patent ES-1855-1315 (English title: A new aerostat system which can follow a fixed course, even if against the wind, Inventors: Nicolas Bara)
- Patent ES-1859-1828 (English title: Device for directing balloons, Inventors: Venancio Martinez Artaloitia)
- Patent ES-1859-1775 (English title: Apparatus for directing aerostatic balloons, Inventors: Inocente Sanchez)
- Patent ES-1861-2320 (English title: Apparatus for directing directing aerostatic balloons, Inventors: Jose Pesaña y Piñol)
- Patent ES-1864-2622 (English title: apparatus (vehicle) for controlled flight, called the "Pesaña Bird Ship", Inventors: Jose Pesaña y Piñol)
- Patent ES-1871-4845 (English title: Aerostatic balloons with steering, Inventors: Ramón Remis y Suárez)
- Patent ES-1871-4766 (English title: Device for controlling LTA balloons, Inventors: Juan Bautista Duthu)
- Patent ES-1872-4893 (English title: Apparatus for steering aerostatic balloons, Inventors: Sixto Vilas y Rubio • Julián Bosque y Aniento • Francisco Bescos y Lascortz)
- Patent ES-1872-4903 (English title: Aerial navigator able to travel in a "fixed" direction, Inventors: Ramón Remis y Suárez)
- Patent ES-1877-5683 (English title: improvements to balloons, Inventors: Comte Antoine Apraxine)
- Patent ES-1877-5392 (English title: Man-made aerial machine able to navigate the atmosphere, Inventors: Eduardo Santigosa y Gal)
- Patent ES-1877-5650 (English title: Method of directing aerostatic balloons, Inventors: Alejo Carzola y Ales)
- Patent ES-1878-5888 (English title: perfections brought to balloons and other aircraft [as they may serve as illumination?], Inventors: Comte Antoine Apraxine)
- Patent ES-1880-1217 (English title: improvements brought to aerial balloons, Inventors: Comte Antoine Apraxine)
- Patent ES-1882-2185 (English title: An improved process for the construction of ships for air navigation, Inventors: Carl Wolfgang Petersen)
- Patent ES-1882-1522 (English title: A system of new improvement in air balloons, Inventors: Comte Antoine Apraxine, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1881-1217)
- Patent ES-1885-5064 (English title: Aerial navigation apparatus, Inventors: Louis Capazza, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1895-250612)
- Patent ES-1887-7081 (English title: Apparatus for directing balloons for aerial navigation, Inventors: Joaquim Ignacio Ribeiro)
- Patent ES-1887-7348 (English title: Aerial tramway system using multiple wires, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent ES-1891-12658 (English title: Dirigible balloon, "Le Compagnon" system, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1891-216860)
- Patent ES-1897-20837 (English title: Aerostat with auxiliary balloon, each equipped with an opening in a direction opposed to the air current, Inventors: August Riedinger)
- Patent ES-1898-23070 (English title: Aerostat, Inventors: Jean Dusséqué, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1898-275602)
- Patent ES-1899-23747 (English title: Aerostatic balloons, Inventors: Heinrich Suter, Supplementary to patent: Patent CH-1899-18666)
- Patent ES-1899-24240 (English title: Flying "Aviator", Inventors: Henry Boinet, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1899-Boinet)
- Patent ES-1900-25861 (English title: Apparatus for mechanical flight called Auto-Aviator, Inventors: Firmin Bousson, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1899-292828)
- Patent ES-1900-25267 (English title: Propeller for aerostatic vessels, Inventors: Rudolf Krocker, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1899-123884)
- Patent ES-1901-27364 (English title: A directable flying apparatus, heavier than air, moved by propellers "Helicopter", Inventors: Maurice Léger, Supplementary to patent: Patent HU-1901-22471)
- Patent ES-1900-27002 (English title: An apparatus consisting of a Tarbe captive airplane, Inventors: Jean Tarbe, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1900-300646)
- Patent ES-1901-27048 (English title: Propulsion apparatus for aviation, Inventors: Salvador Juandó y Rovirosa)
- Patent ES-1901-27849 (English title: Stabilized paper (kite), Inventors: Viktor Tarczal • Edmund Roheim • Josef Simkó, Supplementary to patent: Patent HU-1901-24148)
- Patent ES-1903-31918 (English title: "Telekine" system for controlling mechanical movement at a distance, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1903-327218)
- Patent ES-1904-34443 (English title: Improvements in the means of regulating the speed of propeller-driven vessels and of maneuvering them, Inventors: Edward Smethurst, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1904-793746)
- Patent ES-1904-35129 (English title: Improvements in the way of providing stability to bodies, artifacts and vehicles that are inherently unstable, Inventors: Louis Brennan, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1903-27212)
- Patent ES-1906-38692 (English title: A new system of fusiform balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Applicant firm: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent ES-1906-38661 (English title: A heavier-than-air aircraft, Inventors: Joseph Maes, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1906-369855)
- Patent ES-1907-40625 (English title: An extra-light combustion motor system applicable to aerostats, airplanes and other related uses, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie)
- Patent ES-1907-41537 (English title: Surface of ascension used to elevate, sustain, and move apparatus through the air, Inventors: Antoine-Padoue Filippi, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1906-369937)
- Patent ES-1906-38457 (English title: A machine that works by heaviness, or is facilitated by weight or gravity, Inventors: Louis Genton, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1905-356644)
- Patent ES-1908-42535 (English title: Airplane of dynamic air density-thinning called "autoplane", Inventors: Alfred E. Wunderlich, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1907-202697)
- Patent ES-1908-44333 (English title: Improvements in machines for aerostation, Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright)
- Patent ES-1908-44180 (English title: Rigid rudder for aerostats inflated by air pressure, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1907-194166)
- Patent ES-1908-44332 (English title: Improvements in machines for aerostation, Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright)
- Patent ES-1908-43095 (English title: A procedure with the corresponding devices to automatically control flying machines, Inventors: Albert Jouveneau, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1907-199348)
- Patent ES-1908-43361 (English title: A blimp balloon system in an off-center lenticular shape that looms in the air, Inventors: Adolphe Clément-Bayard, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-378708)
- Patent ES-1909-44860 (English title: Improvements in flying machines, Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright)
- Patent ES-1909-45199 (English title: Warped surface, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H)
- Patent ES-1909-45135 (English title: Pressure-release valve for balloons, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1907-192662)
- Patent ES-1909-45940 (English title: Perfected mechanism which serves to give flexion or camber to the rudder of a flying machine, or something else in this style, Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright)
- Patent ES-1909-45134 (English title: Non-rigid air-screw with fly-weights, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1907-194165)
- Patent ES-1909-45132 (English title: Adjusting the inclination of elongated aerostat by means of two sacs of air, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1907-194166)
- Patent ES-1909-44956 (English title: A new system of fusiform balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1906-38692)
- Patent ES-1909-45263 (English title: Improvements in airplanes and other similar machines of mechanical flight, Inventors: Arthur Henry Edwards • Martin Diederich Rucker, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1908-4519)
- Patent ES-1909-44698 (English title: Dirigible balloon, Inventors: Ottó Krausz, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1908-28547)
- Patent ES-1910-49064 (English title: Aerial blade (propeller), Inventors: Alfred E. Wunderlich)
- Patent ES-1910-48028 (English title: An airplane, Inventors: Louis Blériot, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-05-16 Louis Blériot)
- Patent ES-1910-48074 (English title: Dirigible balloon, Inventors: Ernst Bucher, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1909-227246)
- Patent ES-1910-49189 (English title: An automatic safety steering for aerostats especially for airplanes, Inventors: Joseph Wetterwald)
- Patent ES-1910-48286 (English title: A device for helizoidal deformation of airplane wings, Applicant firm: Société Antoinette, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-07-01 Société Antoinette)
- Patent ES-1909-47112 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, Inventors: John Washington Wilson, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1909-970771)
- Patent ES-1909-46972 (English title: Improvements in flying machines, Inventors: Henry Calder Lobnitz, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1909-2111)
- Patent ES-1910-48442 (English title: A transportable hangar for the balloon garage, Applicant firm: Aktien-Gesellschaft R. Ph. Waagner - L. & J. Biró & A. Kurz, Supplementary to patent: Patent AT-1910-52573 • Patent AT-1910-60231)
- Patent ES-1910-48087 (English title: A kite-based airplane system, Inventors: Nicolas de Benois)
- Patent ES-1910-47761 (English title: An organ of propulsion, Inventors: Antoine-Padoue Filippi, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-401714)
- Patent ES-1910-47275 (English title: Airship, Inventors: Richard Wilcke • Albert Graff, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1909-Wilcke-Graff)
- Patent ES-1910-47627 (English title: A procedure that allows a recovery of energy in the movement of a vehicle in a fluid and that constitutes at the same time a new brake, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent ES-1910-47870 (English title: A procedure that allows a recovery of energy in the movement of a vehicle in a fluid and that constitutes at the same time a new brake, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent ES-1910-47431 (English title: A procedure that allows a recovery of energy in the movement of a vehicle in a fluid and that constitutes at the same time a new brake, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent ES-1910-47103 (English title: A gyroscopic stabilizer system for devices moving in fluid media, Inventors: Paul-Nicolas Lucas-Girardville, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1909-407737)
- Patent ES-1909-47078 (English title: A system for the construction of light airplane chassis or trusses., Inventors: Paul-Nicolas Lucas-Girardville)
- Patent ES-1910-47848 (English title: Automatic regulation of 'depth rudder' of airplanes, Applicant firm: Motorluftschiff Studiengesellschaft m.b.H)
- Patent ES-1910-47591 (English title: An improved system with its corresponding devices to give stability to bodies such as cars and other vehicles that run on monorail tracks, as well as to maintain said stability, Inventors: Louis Brennan, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1909-26034)
- Patent ES-1910-48744 (English title: A single lever and double steering system for vehicles, especially for aerostats, Inventors: Joseph Wetterwald)
- Patent ES-1911-49932 (English title: A clinometer with signal apparatus for air navigation, Inventors: Ewald Müller)
- Patent ES-1910-49574 (English title: A suspension device to facilitate the starting and landing of airplanes, Inventors: Édouard Deniéport)
- Patent ES-1910-49495 (English title: Airplane in the form of an arrow, Inventors: Theodor Dobresco, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1909-12-24 Marie Jasogne and Theodor Dobresco • Patent BE-1910-09-19 Marie Jasogne and Theodor Dobresco)
- Patent ES-1911-50435 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: August Wendtland)
- Patent ES-1911-50145 (English title: A propeller applicable to air and water navigation, Inventors: Antoine-Padoue Filippi)
- Patent ES-1912-53109 (English title: A, automatically stable airplane, Inventors: Georges de Bothezat, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1911-05-15 Georges de Bothezat)
- Patent ES-1912-52043 (English title: Improvements to parachutes, Inventors: Léon Dangy, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1910-12-31 Léon Dangy)
- Patent ES-1912-53762 (English title: Invention for activating parachutes, Inventors: Adolf Freiherr Odkolek von Augezd)
- Patent ES-1912-52792 (English title: An arrangement for harnessing the internal energy of wavy and eddy media, Inventors: Jan Jaakson, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1911-12232)
- Patent ES-1911-50985 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: August Wendtland, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1911-50435)
- Patent ES-1912-53784 (English title: Airplane, Inventors: August Wendtland, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1911-50435)
- Patent ES-1912-53066 (English title: Improvements in aerial navigation machines, Inventors: Isaac Bell, Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1911-12188)
- Patent ES-1911-50083 (English title: Device that decreases the penetration resistance of vehicles in fluids, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent ES-1912-53553 (English title: automatic control apparatus for aeronautic stability control mechanisms, Inventors: Paul Robin, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1911-443878)
- Patent ES-1911-51924 (English title: Propeller with free center, Inventors: André-Julien Mahoudeau, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1910-423792)
- Patent ES-1913-55202 (English title: Deconstructable hangars, especially for aircraft, Inventors: Gaston Hervieu, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1910-Hervieu-hangar)
- Patent ES-1912-53186 (English title: A flying device with simple support planes, Inventors: Hanns Pippart • Heinrich Noll)
- Patent ES-1913-54825 (English title: Improvements in airplanes, Inventors: Alexander Albert Holle)
- Patent ES-1913-56184 (English title: Takeoff apparatus for airplanes, Inventors: Joseph de Pierpont de Burnot, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1912-08-10 Joseph de Pierpont de Burnot)
- Patent ES-1912-54571 (English title: Flying machine, human-powered, propellers, quite elaborate, Inventors: Bruno von Bültzingslöwen)
- Patent ES-1913-56067 (English title: Flying machine likely airplane, Inventors: Joseph de Pierpont de Burnot, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1912-07-18 Joseph de Pierpont de Burnot • Patent BE-1913-07-12 Joseph de Pierpont de Burnot)
- Patent ES-1913-54942 (English title: Method for constructing deconstructable hangars for aircraft, Inventors: Gaston Hervieu, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1910-Hervieu-hangar)
- Patent ES-1913-55487 (English title: An automatic stabilizer device for airplanes, Inventors: Otto Albin Budig, Supplementary to patent: Patent DE-1911-11-16 Otto Albin Budig)
- Patent ES-1913-56145 (English title: Monoplane of automatic stability, Inventors: Étienne Carret • Adrien Schmitt, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1912-447782)
- Patent ES-1913-54858 (English title: Improvements in hydro-aeronautical devices, Inventors: Charles Denniston Burney, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1911-29012)
- Patent ES-1913-54689 (English title: Improvements in aeronautical devices and in relation to them, Inventors: Charles Denniston Burney, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co., Supplementary to patent: Patent GB-1911-29012)
- Patent ES-1912-54531 (English title: Improvements in aeronautical devices and in relation to them, Inventors: Charles Denniston Burney, Applicant firm: British and Colonial Aeroplane Co.)
- Patent ES-1913-55705 (English title: Air guidance device applicable to aerial engines, Inventors: Cosimo Canovetti)
- Patent ES-1913-55698 (English title: An air entrainment device applied to aerial thrusters, Inventors: Cosimo Canovetti)
- Patent ES-1914-57862 (English title: Gas reservoir/feeder for flexible and rigid airships, Inventors: Georges Juchmès, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1913-456298)
- Patent ES-1914-57391 (English title: A procedure for building envelopes for aerostats, Inventors: Enrique Sanchis, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1913-253298)
- Patent ES-1914-57373 (English title: Device for changing the trajectory of a projectile, Inventors: Louis Alard, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1913-466195)
- Patent ES-1914-57622 (English title: Reshapable fusiform balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent ES-1914-57492 (English title: A flying machine, actually an orthopter, Inventors: Ulysse Vermot-Desroches, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1914-264437)
- Patent ES-1914-58080 (English title: Dirigible, Inventors: William Andrew Hutson, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1913-1087946)
- Patent ES-1914-57750 (English title: A new semi-rigid airship with solid dorsal beam, Inventors: Enrique Sanchis, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1913-253298 • Patent BE-1914-253298.264297)
- Patent ES-1915-60039 (English title: Nacelle for balloons etc. in the form of a boat hull, Applicant firm: Luft Fahrzeug G.m.b.H.)
- Patent ES-1915-59627 (English title: Automatic hitch and brake for air ferries, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent ES-1915-60978 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Clarence Gaston Walker, Supplementary to patent: Patent US-1914-1153143)
- Patent ES-1915-61226 (English title: Airplanes and other flying machines, Inventors: Charles Arthur Wragg, Supplementary to patent: Patent AU-1914-14892)
- Patent ES-1916-62701 (English title: A new procedure for the joining of hollow metal parts, Inventors: Félix Amiot)
- Patent ES-1917-64380 (Inventors: Harold Edward Sherwin Holt)
- Patent ES-1919-69237 (English title: Improvements in fuselage or armature of airplanes, Inventors: Walter George Tarrant)
- Patent ES-1919-70626 (English title: A new type of balloon, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent ES-1922-81222 (English title: A mechanism for maneuvering rudders with movable auxiliary surfaces, Inventors: Anton Flettner)
- Patent ES-1923-84420 (English title: Metal hub bonding apparatus of wooden propeller blades, Inventors: Pierre Levasseur)
Patents filed by Spaniards
- Patent GB-1872-3076 (English title: Steering balloons, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste Duthu)
- Patent GB-1915-7534 (English title: Improved Method and Apparatus for Facilitating the Landing and Housing of Airships, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1914-267684)
- Patent BE-1914-267684 (English title: New system for landing airships or turning landing bridge, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent BE-1913-253298 (English title: Manner of aerostat envelope construction, Inventors: Enrique Sanchis)
- Patent ES-1860-2037 (English title: system of navigational apparatus for balloons, and construction of an air train, Inventors: Federico Gómez Arias)
- Patent BE-1914-253298.264297 (English title: Manner of aerostat envelope construction, Inventors: Enrique Sanchis, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1913-253298)
- Patent BE-1911-02-02 Leonardo Torres Quevedo (English title: Improved Method and Apparatus for Facilitating the Landing and Housing of Airships, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent ES-1855-1315 (English title: A new aerostat system which can follow a fixed course, even if against the wind, Inventors: Nicolas Bara)
- Patent ES-1859-1828 (English title: Device for directing balloons, Inventors: Venancio Martinez Artaloitia)
- Patent ES-1861-2320 (English title: Apparatus for directing directing aerostatic balloons, Inventors: Jose Pesaña y Piñol)
- Patent ES-1864-2622 (English title: apparatus (vehicle) for controlled flight, called the "Pesaña Bird Ship", Inventors: Jose Pesaña y Piñol)
- Patent ES-1871-4845 (English title: Aerostatic balloons with steering, Inventors: Ramón Remis y Suárez)
- Patent ES-1872-4903 (English title: Aerial navigator able to travel in a "fixed" direction, Inventors: Ramón Remis y Suárez)
- Patent ES-1877-5392 (English title: Man-made aerial machine able to navigate the atmosphere, Inventors: Eduardo Santigosa y Gal)
- Patent ES-1887-7348 (English title: Aerial tramway system using multiple wires, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent FR-1888-192678 (English title: New balloon propulsion system, Inventors: Jardim • Mendonça Cortez)
- Patent CH-1889-589 (English title: New aerial tramway system using multiple wires, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent GB-1899-11293 (English title: Aerial Navigation, Inventors: Louis Emmanuel de Manresa)
- Patent ES-1901-27048 (English title: Propulsion apparatus for aviation, Inventors: Salvador Juandó y Rovirosa)
- Patent FR-1901-308724 (English title: Propulsion apparatus for aviation, Inventors: Salvador Juandó i Rovirosa, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1901-27048)
- Patent ES-1900-27002 (English title: An apparatus consisting of a Tarbe captive airplane, Inventors: Jean Tarbe, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1900-300646)
- Patent FR-1902-320901 (English title: Improvements to dirigible aerostats, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent MX-1902-2557 (English title: Dirigible balloon: "The Arriaga Transáereo", Inventors: Miguel Arriaga)
- Patent FR-1902-320901.784 (English title: Improvements to dirigible aerostats, Inventors: Leonardo Torrès • Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1902-320901)
- Patent FR-1902-327218 (English title: "Telekine" system for causing mechanical movement at a distance, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent GB-1903-27073 (English title: Means or Method for Directing Mechanical Movements at or from a Distance, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1902-327218)
- Patent ES-1903-31918 (English title: "Telekine" system for controlling mechanical movement at a distance, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1903-327218)
- Patent ES-1906-38692 (English title: A new system of fusiform balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent MX-1906-5384 (English title: A particular form of helical thrusters, Inventors: José Fola Igúbride)
- Patent FR-1907-382794 (English title: Improvements in fusiform balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1906-38692)
- Patent FR-1907-380572 (Inventors: Desiderio CANELLAS)
- Patent GB-1909-8350 (English title: Improvements in and relating to Aerial Machines, Inventors: Ignacio Estrich y Diaz de Lara)
- Patent MX-1909-10000 (English title: A machine for flying, called an 'Aerogyroscope', Inventors: Francisco Pérez Polo)
- Patent US-1909-929217 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Oscar Heeren)
- Patent US-1909-919436 (English title: Kite, Inventors: Frank Ernest Jackson)
- Patent FR-1909-382794.11472 (English title: improvements to spindle-shaped balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-382794 • Patent ES-1906-38692)
- Patent ES-1909-44956 (English title: A new system of fusiform balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1906-38692)
- Patent FR-1909-382794.11071 (English title: improvements to spindle-shaped balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-382794 • Patent ES-1906-38692)
- Patent FR-1910-418838 (English title: Airplane with multiple planes, Inventors: Gaspar Brunet y Viadera)
- Patent FR-1910-411062 (English title: Aviation apparatus, Inventors: Ignacio Estruch y Diaz de Lara)
- Patent FR-1909-382794.11706 (English title: improvements to spindle-shaped balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-382794 • Patent ES-1906-38692)
- Patent ES-1910-47431 (English title: A procedure that allows a recovery of energy in the movement of a vehicle in a fluid and that constitutes at the same time a new brake, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent ES-1910-47870 (English title: A procedure that allows a recovery of energy in the movement of a vehicle in a fluid and that constitutes at the same time a new brake, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent FR-1911-425969 (English title: Device allowing either to reduce the work expended for the penetration of a vehicle in a fluid, or to slow down the movement of this vehicle, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent GB-1912-2737 (English title: Improvements in Mooring Arrangements for Airships, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1911-02-02 Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent GB-1911-4610 (English title: Improvements in or relating to Vehicles or like Moving Objects, Inventors: Louis Constantin, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1910-47627)
- Patent CH-1911-57184 (English title: Vehicle with device to reduce the workload of the vehicle when penetrating a fluid, Inventors: Louis Constantin)
- Patent FR-1912-439618 (English title: Airship mooring, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1911-02-02 Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent GB-1912-6564 (English title: Improvements in Means for Reducing the Resistance to the Movements of Vehicles in Fluids, Inventors: Louis Constantin, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1911-50083)
- Patent FR-1913-382794.17133 (English title: improvements to spindle-shaped balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Supplementary to patent: Patent FR-1907-382794 • Patent ES-1906-38692)
- Patent GB-1913-4301 (Inventors: Carlos Mendizabal)
- Patent FR-1913-455122 (Inventors: Carlos Mendizabal)
- Patent ES-1914-57622 (English title: Reshapable fusiform balloons, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent FR-1914-467845 (English title: Manner of aerostat shell construction, Inventors: Enrique Sanchis, Supplementary to patent: Patent BE-1913-253298)
- Patent ES-1915-59627 (English title: Automatic hitch and brake for air ferries, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent FR-1915-478617 (English title: unwarpable spindle-shaped balloon, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent ES-1919-70626 (English title: A new type of balloon, Inventors: Leonardo Torres Quevedo)
- Patent US-1920-1454944 (English title: Helicopter propeller system, Inventors: Raúl Pateras Pescara, Supplementary to patent: Patent ES-1919-07-03-Pescara)