Cleveland Abbe
Cleveland Abbe was an American meteorologist who wrote (in 1890?) that "meteorology is essentially the application of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics to the atmosphere."[1] He was the principal founder of the U.S. Weather Bureau, later known as the U.S. National Weather Service.
Abbe began his career in mathematics and astronomer, teaching at the Scientific School at the University of Michigan in 1858–1860. He proceeded to work from Cambridge, Mass., on the US Coast Survey, and then worked under Otto Struve at the Observatory of Poulkovo, Russia, in 1865–1866. After returning to the US he was chosen to head the Cincinnati Observatory, which under his leadership began issuing daily "Weather Bulletins" for the Cincinnati area.[2]
He went to work for the new Weather Bureau, under General Albert J. Myer of the Signal Corps, c. 1871. He laboriously systematized the Weather Bureau's various stations, and in 1872 created the Monthly Weather Review,[2] which he edited until 1915, at which time he turned over the job to his son Cleveland Abbe, Jr.. He continued working for the Weather Bureau after 1891 when it was transferred to civilian control. From 1909 to 1913 he edited the Bulletin of the Mt. Weather Observatory.[3]
Beginning in Cincinnati, and continuing later, he was involved in local time synchronization, and the creation of standard hourly railroads times which later became the time zone system.[2]
He was professor of meteorology at Columbian University (= George Washington University) from 1886–1905, and lecturer at Johns Hopkins University, 1896–1914.[3]
He lived from 1877 to 1909 in Washington DC.[4]
Publications by or about Cleveland Abbe
- Abbe, 1888, Treatise on meteorological apparatus and methods (Simple title: Treatise on meteorological apparatus and methods, Journal: Annual Report of the Chief Signal Officer • Annual Report of the Secretary of War)
- Abbe, 1888, Treatise on meteorological apparatus and methods (Simple title: Treatise on meteorological apparatus and methods, Journal: Annual Report of the Chief Signal Officer • Annual Report of the Secretary of War)
- Abbe, 1891, The Mechanics of the Earth's Atmosphere. A Collection of Translations (Simple title: The Mechanics of the Earth's Atmosphere. A Collection of Translations, Journal: Smith Misc. Collections • The Mechanics of the Earth's Atmosphere)
- Abbe, 1893, Meteorological Work of the U.S. Signal Service, 1870 to 1891 (Simple title: Meteorological Work of the U.S. Signal Service, 1870–1891)
- Abbe, 1895, The meteorological work of the U. S. Signal Service, 1870-1891 (Simple title: The meteorological work of the U. S. Signal Service, 1870-1891, Journal: Publication 10305, 1894, Report of the International Meteorological Congress, held at Chicago, Ill., August 21-24, 1893)
- Abbe, 1896, Sir Isaac Newton and his kites (Simple title: Sir Isaac Newton and his kites, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1896, Simultaneous balloon ascensions (Simple title: Simultaneous balloon ascensions, Journal: Monthly Weather Review)
- Abbe, 1896, Simultaneous balloon ascensions (Simple title: Simultaneous balloon ascensions, Journal: Monthly Weather Review)
- Abbe, 1896, The Franklin Kite Club (Simple title: The Franklin Kite Club, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1896, The Franklin Kite Club (Simple title: The Franklin Kite Club, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1897, Kites at the Chicago conference, August, 1893 (Simple title: Kites at the Chicago conference, August, 1893, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1897, The development of the kite by European scientists (Simple title: The development of the kite by European scientists, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1898, Lightning on the kite wire (Simple title: Lightning on the kite wire, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1899, Spool kites and kites with radial wings (Simple title: Spool kites and kites with radial wings, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1899, The average temperature of the atmosphere (Simple title: The average temperature of the atmosphere, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- King, 1901, How to cross the Atlantic in a balloon (Simple title: How to cross the Atlantic in a balloon, Journal: Century Mag.)
- Abbe, 1903, Meteorology and the art of flying (Simple title: Meteorology and the art of flying, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1908, Popof and Erman on the use of kites in meteorology (Simple title: Popof and Erman on the use of kites in meteorology, Journal: Monthly Weath. Rev.)
- Abbe, 1908, What the aeronaut can do for meteorology (Simple title: What the aeronaut can do for meteorology, Journal: Aeronautics)
- Abbe, 1909, Helicopters for aerial research (Simple title: Helicopters for aerial research, Journal: Aeronautics)
- Abbe, 1910, The mechanics of the earth's atmosphere. A collection of translations. Third collection (Simple title: The mechanics of the earth's atmosphere. A collection of translations. Third collection, Journal: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections)
- Publication B2p0002e19, 1916, Death of Prof. Cleveland Abbe (Simple title: Death of Prof. Cleveland Abbe, Journal: Aeronautics)
Letters sent by Cleveland Abbe
- Cleveland Abbe to Wilbur Wright 26-Sep-1903
- Cleveland Abbe to Wilbur Wright 31-Dec-1903
- Cleveland Abbe to Wilbur Wright 7-Jan-1904
- Cleveland Abbe to Wilbur Wright 8-Mar-1908
References
- ↑ Teague & Gallicchio, 2017, p. 25.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Sketch of Cleveland Abbe", Popular Science Monthly vol. 32, January 1888, pp. 400–408.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Obituary: Professor Cleveland Abbe", Geographical Record, November 1916, p. 383.
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Abbe_House
Links
- w:Cleveland Abbe; w:fr:Cleveland Abbe
- w:s:Author:Cleveland Abbe
- "Cleveland Abbe: First Scientist of the American Weather Bureau", NOAA Celebrates 200 Years
- "Cleveland Abbe", Encyclopedia Brittanica
- Edmund P. Willis and William H. Hooke, "Cleveland Abbe and American Meteorology, 1871–1901", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, March 2006
- Cleveland Abbe papers at Library of Congress
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/20025717
- https://archive.org/details/biographicalmem00goog
| Names | Cleveland Abbe |
|---|---|
| Birth date | 1838-12-03 |
| Death date | 1916-10-28 |
| Countries | US |
| Locations | New York, New York; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cambridge, Massachusetts; Poulkovo, Russia; Cincinnati, Ohio; Washington, DC; Chevy Chase, Maryland |
| Occupations | meteorologist, editor, scientist |
| Tech areas | Meteorology, Kite, Balloon, Electricity, Meteorology, Astronomy, Communications, time |
| Affiliations | U.S. Weather Bureau, Monthly Weather Review |
| Wikidata id |
